Wideband 2-Dimensional scanning planar subarray

Achieving frequency invariance in antenna array requires linear-phase system to maintain frequency independent time lag. For example True Time Delay or tapped delay line. In this paper, the array elements are divided into subarrays. Then all subarrays are steered towards the desired azimuth direction, while the wideband property is preserved by exploiting the subarray two-dimensional structure as a sensor delay line. Each subarray pattern is then individually rotated around the desired elevation direction. Eventually superposition of subarrays is maximally constructive towards the desired direction and partially constructive or destructive everywhere else. Two frequency invariant beamformers are used. These are inverse DFT and Least squares. Results are compared with wideband wideband one-dimensional pattern syntheses of the same design methods in power concentration.