What options are available to Scotland to remain within the EU given the 'Brexit' referendum result?

The 23 June 2016 referendum result has the potential to impact hugely on Scotland’s relationship with the European Union and indeed with the rest of the UK. Within the framework of the current devolved settlement in the UK, withdrawal from the EU by the UK following activation of the EU’s ‘exit clause’, will mean that Scotland also leaves the UK, despite a significant majority of the Scottish electorate voting to ‘remain’. In legal terms, the United Kingdom as a state recognised under international law, is the signatory to the European Treaties. Withdrawal of that state, includes its constituent parts.