What are the economic implications of the Windsor Framework?

The Windsor Framework was formally adopted in March 2023 and regulates trade of goods between Northern Ireland, the EU, and Great Britain. The framework aims to simplify the movement of goods from Great Britain to Northern Ireland whilst safeguarding the EU single market and the UK single market. Crucially, it gives Northern Ireland the unique opportunity to be part of the EU single market for goods and simultaneously have access to the UK internal market.

In 2021, we wrote about the potential impact of Brexit and the new Northern Ireland Protocol in an article for Regional Studies.: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00343404.2021.1994547
Today, we want to revisit our analysis to understand some of the implications of the new framework.