Verification and validation analysis on marine applications

Both users and developers of computational simulations are facing a crucial dilemma - how can confidence in modeling and simulation be properly evaluated? The predominant measures for establishing and quantifying this confidence are verification and validation. Specifically, verification involves evaluating the precision of a computational model's solution through comparison with established solutions. Conversely, validation involves assessing the accuracy of a computational simulation by comparing it with experimental data. While verification does not concern itself with the correspondence between simulation and reality, validation is centered around the comparison with the physical world. In simpler terms, verification is mainly a mathematical matter, while validation pertains primarily to physics. This concept was first established by influential philosophers of science in the twentieth century, such as Popper and Carnap.