Using smart power management control to maximize energy utilization and reliability within a microgrid of interconnected solar home systems

Over the past 20 years, off-grid solar home systems (SHS), comprised of solar panels, batteries, a charge controller and loads, have proved the most popular and immediate solution increasing energy access, mainly through rural electrification, across the Global South. Although deployed in significant numbers, issues remain with SHS cost, reliability, utilization and sustainability. Interconnection of SHS to form a microgrid of connected prosumers and consumers may offer a solution that, by employing smart management of the power distribution amongst connected households, has the potential to `unlock' latent generation and storage capacity and so improve reliability and security of supply, reduce the system cost per head, and ultimately the levelized cost of energy supplied. These factors combine to improve the overall sustainability, efficiency and flexibility of SHS technology. This paper presents the functionality of a Smart Power Management (SPM) that seeks to distribute power across prosumers/consumers connected to a microgrid of interconnected SHS, to maximise the utilisation of available generation and storage across the system and so improve the reliability and affordability of the energy supplied. The SPM is applied and appraised using a simulation involving representative generation and demand profiles for a village with a high penetration of SHS technology. The power management methodology utilizes algorithms applied to manage power flows between customers. The simulated results demonstrate significant improvements in reliability of supply within the microgrid during low generation season.