Using artificial Intelligence to address mental health inequalities: Co-creating machine learning algorithms with key stakeholders and citizen engagement

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to reshape mental health practices, policies, and research in the coming decade. Simultaneously, mental health inequalities persist globally, imposing considerable costs on individuals, communities, and economies. This study investigates the impact of AI technologies on future citizenship for individuals with mental health challenges (MHCs).

Approach: This research employed a community-based participatory approach, engaging peer-researchers to explore the perspectives of adults with MHCs from a peer-led mental health organisation. The study evaluated potential threats and opportunities presented by AI technologies for future citizenship through a co-created film, depicting a news broadcast set in 2042. Data were gathered via semi-structured interviews and focus groups and were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach.

Findings: The analysis identified four key themes: (1) Who holds the power? (2) The divide, (3) What it means to be human, and (4) Having a voice. The findings indicate that adults with living experiences of MHCs are eager to influence the development of AI technologies that affect their lives. Participants emphasised the importance of activism and co-production, while expressing concerns about further marginalisation.

Originality: This study provides new insights into the intersection of AI, technology, and citizenship, highlighting the critical need for inclusive practices in technological advancement. By incorporating the perspectives of individuals with living experiences, the study advocates for participatory approaches in shaping AI technologies in mental health. This includes the co-creation of machine learning algorithms and fostering citizen engagement to ensure that advancements are equitable and empowering for people with MHCs.