Use of adaptive optics for improved multiphoton imaging

We report on the integration of active optical elements in a multiphoton microscope to improve theresolution and overall image quality when imaging deeply into biological samples. Optical models were generated of sample systems and these have been compared with the performance of thecomplete imaging system. The active elements used were commercially available flexible membranemirrors controlled by custom, home written, software. Significant improvements in image qualityhave been demonstrated using a range of optimisation routines based on the analysis of the imagesproduced by the system, rather than with a wavefront sensor. A three-fold increase in the resolution100µm into the sample was achieved.