Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines: is there an internal stress corrosion cracking risk?

D. Sandana, E.A. Charles, M. Dale, J. Race

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper

Abstract

Transporting anthropogenic CO2 in pipelines is an essential component in the realisation and implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Transportation of dense CO2 has generally been the preferred economic solution, but projects in the United Kingdom (UK) have also considered transportation of gaseous CO2. Whichever option is selected, provision may need to be made to mitigate or prevent internal corrosion risks. This will require identifying and defining in the CO2 specification the maximum levels of water and impurities, e.g. nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx), such that internal corrosion risks are maintained at an acceptable level throughout the proposed service life of a pipeline. Equally, should there be a process upset in the CO2 stream conditioning procedure (e.g. failure of dehydration unit), then potential internal corrosion risks will need to be clearly defined in order to establish an effective mitigation strategy that maintains pipeline integrity. So far, while the corrosion research in this domain has focused on identifying plausible corrosion rates which may occur in these environments, the risk of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) has not been extensively investigated. This paper explores whether SCC is possible in CO2 transporting pipelines. Gaps in current knowledge will be high-lighted. In addition some preliminary test results that indicate presence of SCC in simulated CO2 environments will be presented.
LanguageEnglish
Number of pages15
Publication statusPublished - 21 Mar 2013
EventCorrosion 2013 - Orlando, FL, United States
Duration: 17 Mar 2013 → 21 Mar 2013

Conference

ConferenceCorrosion 2013
CountryUnited States
CityOrlando, FL
Period17/03/13 → 21/03/13

Fingerprint

Stress corrosion cracking
Residual stresses
Carbon dioxide
Pipelines
Corrosion
Carbon capture
Nitrogen oxides
Corrosion rate
Dehydration
Service life
Sulfur
Impurities
Specifications
Economics
Oxides
Water

Keywords

  • anthropogenic carbon dioxide
  • carbon capture and storage
  • impurities
  • pipeline
  • stress corrosion cracking

Cite this

Sandana, D., Charles, E. A., Dale, M., & Race, J. (2013). Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines: is there an internal stress corrosion cracking risk?. Paper presented at Corrosion 2013, Orlando, FL, United States.
Sandana, D. ; Charles, E.A. ; Dale, M. ; Race, J. / Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines : is there an internal stress corrosion cracking risk?. Paper presented at Corrosion 2013, Orlando, FL, United States.15 p.
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title = "Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines: is there an internal stress corrosion cracking risk?",
abstract = "Transporting anthropogenic CO2 in pipelines is an essential component in the realisation and implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Transportation of dense CO2 has generally been the preferred economic solution, but projects in the United Kingdom (UK) have also considered transportation of gaseous CO2. Whichever option is selected, provision may need to be made to mitigate or prevent internal corrosion risks. This will require identifying and defining in the CO2 specification the maximum levels of water and impurities, e.g. nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx), such that internal corrosion risks are maintained at an acceptable level throughout the proposed service life of a pipeline. Equally, should there be a process upset in the CO2 stream conditioning procedure (e.g. failure of dehydration unit), then potential internal corrosion risks will need to be clearly defined in order to establish an effective mitigation strategy that maintains pipeline integrity. So far, while the corrosion research in this domain has focused on identifying plausible corrosion rates which may occur in these environments, the risk of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) has not been extensively investigated. This paper explores whether SCC is possible in CO2 transporting pipelines. Gaps in current knowledge will be high-lighted. In addition some preliminary test results that indicate presence of SCC in simulated CO2 environments will be presented.",
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author = "D. Sandana and E.A. Charles and M. Dale and J. Race",
note = "(2007) Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, , Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Adopted by the IPCC Plenary XXVII, November; Dugstad, Internal corrosion in dense phase CO2 transport pipelines - State of the art and the need for further R&D (2012) Corrosion/2012, , Paper No C2012-01452, NACE International; Seiersten, Materials selection for separation, transportation and disposal of CO2 (2001) CORROSION/2001, , Paper No. 01042, Houston, TX: NACE International; Choi, Determining the corrosive potential of CO2 transport pipeline in high pCO2-water environments (2010) International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control; Dugstad, Corrosion of transport pipelines for CO2 - Effect of water ingress (2011) Energy Procedia, 4, pp. 3063-3070; Zhang, Water effect on steel corrosion under supercritical CO2 (2011) Corrosion/2011, , Paper No 11378, NACE International; Ayello, Effect of impurities on corrosion of carbon steel in supercritical CO2 (2010) Corrosion/2010, , Paper No 10193, NACE International; Sandana, Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines: Is there an internal corrosion risk? (2012) Journal of Pipeline Engineering, 11 (3), pp. 229-238; Towards a CO2 pipeline specification: defining tolerance limits for impurities, pp 173-190, Race (2012) Journal of Pipeline Engineering, 11 (3), pp. 229-238; (2005) Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, , Special Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); Seevam, Transporting the new generation of CO2 for Carbon Capture and Storage: The impact of impurities on supercritical CO2 pipelines (2008) IPC 2008-Paper 64063; Seevam, P., Capturing carbon dioxide: The feasibility of Re-using existing pipeline infrastructure to transport anthropogenic CO2 IPC 2010-31564; Kear, Low-Temperature Corrosion by Flue Gas Condensates Part 1; Farelas, Effects of CO2 phase change, SO2 content and flow on the corrosion of CO2 transmission pipeline steel (2012) Corrosion/2012, , Paper No C2012-01322, NACE International; Brown, Electrochemical investigation of SCC of plain carbon steel in carbon dioxide-carbon monoxidewater system (1973) Corrosion-NACE, 5, pp. 686-695; Kowaka, M., SCC of mild and low steels in CO2-CO-H2O environments (1976) Corrosion-NACE, 32, pp. 395-401. , October; NACE MR0175/ISO 15156, Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries- Materials for use in H2S environments in Oil and Gas production (2009) NACE Standard; Parkins, R.N., Zhou, S., SCC of C-Mn steel in CO2/HCO3 -/CO3 2-, I: Stress Corrosion Data (1997) Corrosion Science, 39 (1), pp. 159-173; Corrosion 2013 ; Conference date: 17-03-2013 Through 21-03-2013",
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Sandana, D, Charles, EA, Dale, M & Race, J 2013, 'Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines: is there an internal stress corrosion cracking risk?' Paper presented at Corrosion 2013, Orlando, FL, United States, 17/03/13 - 21/03/13, .

Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines : is there an internal stress corrosion cracking risk? / Sandana, D.; Charles, E.A.; Dale, M.; Race, J.

2013. Paper presented at Corrosion 2013, Orlando, FL, United States.

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper

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T2 - is there an internal stress corrosion cracking risk?

AU - Sandana, D.

AU - Charles, E.A.

AU - Dale, M.

AU - Race, J.

N1 - (2007) Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, , Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Adopted by the IPCC Plenary XXVII, November; Dugstad, Internal corrosion in dense phase CO2 transport pipelines - State of the art and the need for further R&D (2012) Corrosion/2012, , Paper No C2012-01452, NACE International; Seiersten, Materials selection for separation, transportation and disposal of CO2 (2001) CORROSION/2001, , Paper No. 01042, Houston, TX: NACE International; Choi, Determining the corrosive potential of CO2 transport pipeline in high pCO2-water environments (2010) International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control; Dugstad, Corrosion of transport pipelines for CO2 - Effect of water ingress (2011) Energy Procedia, 4, pp. 3063-3070; Zhang, Water effect on steel corrosion under supercritical CO2 (2011) Corrosion/2011, , Paper No 11378, NACE International; Ayello, Effect of impurities on corrosion of carbon steel in supercritical CO2 (2010) Corrosion/2010, , Paper No 10193, NACE International; Sandana, Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines: Is there an internal corrosion risk? (2012) Journal of Pipeline Engineering, 11 (3), pp. 229-238; Towards a CO2 pipeline specification: defining tolerance limits for impurities, pp 173-190, Race (2012) Journal of Pipeline Engineering, 11 (3), pp. 229-238; (2005) Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, , Special Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); Seevam, Transporting the new generation of CO2 for Carbon Capture and Storage: The impact of impurities on supercritical CO2 pipelines (2008) IPC 2008-Paper 64063; Seevam, P., Capturing carbon dioxide: The feasibility of Re-using existing pipeline infrastructure to transport anthropogenic CO2 IPC 2010-31564; Kear, Low-Temperature Corrosion by Flue Gas Condensates Part 1; Farelas, Effects of CO2 phase change, SO2 content and flow on the corrosion of CO2 transmission pipeline steel (2012) Corrosion/2012, , Paper No C2012-01322, NACE International; Brown, Electrochemical investigation of SCC of plain carbon steel in carbon dioxide-carbon monoxidewater system (1973) Corrosion-NACE, 5, pp. 686-695; Kowaka, M., SCC of mild and low steels in CO2-CO-H2O environments (1976) Corrosion-NACE, 32, pp. 395-401. , October; NACE MR0175/ISO 15156, Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries- Materials for use in H2S environments in Oil and Gas production (2009) NACE Standard; Parkins, R.N., Zhou, S., SCC of C-Mn steel in CO2/HCO3 -/CO3 2-, I: Stress Corrosion Data (1997) Corrosion Science, 39 (1), pp. 159-173

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N2 - Transporting anthropogenic CO2 in pipelines is an essential component in the realisation and implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Transportation of dense CO2 has generally been the preferred economic solution, but projects in the United Kingdom (UK) have also considered transportation of gaseous CO2. Whichever option is selected, provision may need to be made to mitigate or prevent internal corrosion risks. This will require identifying and defining in the CO2 specification the maximum levels of water and impurities, e.g. nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx), such that internal corrosion risks are maintained at an acceptable level throughout the proposed service life of a pipeline. Equally, should there be a process upset in the CO2 stream conditioning procedure (e.g. failure of dehydration unit), then potential internal corrosion risks will need to be clearly defined in order to establish an effective mitigation strategy that maintains pipeline integrity. So far, while the corrosion research in this domain has focused on identifying plausible corrosion rates which may occur in these environments, the risk of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) has not been extensively investigated. This paper explores whether SCC is possible in CO2 transporting pipelines. Gaps in current knowledge will be high-lighted. In addition some preliminary test results that indicate presence of SCC in simulated CO2 environments will be presented.

AB - Transporting anthropogenic CO2 in pipelines is an essential component in the realisation and implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Transportation of dense CO2 has generally been the preferred economic solution, but projects in the United Kingdom (UK) have also considered transportation of gaseous CO2. Whichever option is selected, provision may need to be made to mitigate or prevent internal corrosion risks. This will require identifying and defining in the CO2 specification the maximum levels of water and impurities, e.g. nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx), such that internal corrosion risks are maintained at an acceptable level throughout the proposed service life of a pipeline. Equally, should there be a process upset in the CO2 stream conditioning procedure (e.g. failure of dehydration unit), then potential internal corrosion risks will need to be clearly defined in order to establish an effective mitigation strategy that maintains pipeline integrity. So far, while the corrosion research in this domain has focused on identifying plausible corrosion rates which may occur in these environments, the risk of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) has not been extensively investigated. This paper explores whether SCC is possible in CO2 transporting pipelines. Gaps in current knowledge will be high-lighted. In addition some preliminary test results that indicate presence of SCC in simulated CO2 environments will be presented.

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M3 - Paper

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Sandana D, Charles EA, Dale M, Race J. Transport of gaseous and dense carbon dioxide in pipelines: is there an internal stress corrosion cracking risk?. 2013. Paper presented at Corrosion 2013, Orlando, FL, United States.

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