Tomographic imaging of carbon dioxide in the exhaust plume of large commercial aero-engines

Abhishek Upadhyay; Michael Lengden; Godwin Enemali; George Stewart; Walter Johnstone; David Wilson; Gordon Humphries; Thomas Benoy; John Black; Andrea  Chighine; Edward Fisher; Rui Zhang; Chang Liu; Nick  Polydorides; Alex Tsekenis; Paul  Wright; Joshua Kliment; Johan Nilsson; Yutong Feng; Victor Archilla; Javier Rodriguez-Carmona; Jesus Sanchez-Valdepenas; Marta  Beltran; Valentin Polo; Ian Armstrong; Iain Mauchline; Douglas Walsh; Mark Johnson; Joanna Bauldreay; Hugh McCann

doi:10.1364/AO.467828

Tomographic imaging of carbon dioxide in the exhaust plume of large commercial aero-engines

Abhishek Upadhyay, Michael Lengden, Godwin Enemali, George Stewart, Walter Johnstone, David Wilson, Gordon Humphries, Thomas Benoy, John Black, Andrea Chighine , Edward Fisher, Rui Zhang, Chang Liu, Nick Polydorides , Alex Tsekenis, Paul Wright, Joshua Kliment, Johan Nilsson, Yutong Feng, Victor ArchillaJavier Rodriguez-Carmona, Jesus Sanchez-Valdepenas, Marta Beltran, Valentin Polo, Ian Armstrong, Iain Mauchline, Douglas Walsh, Mark Johnson, Joanna Bauldreay, Hugh McCann

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

34 Citations (Scopus)

42 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

We report here the first implementation of chemically specific imaging in the exhaust plume of a gas turbine typical of those used for propulsion in commercial aircraft. The method used is chemical species tomography (CST) and the target species is CO2, absorbing in the near-infrared at 1999.4 nm. A total of 126 beams propagate transverse to the plume axis, along 7 m paths in a coplanar geometry, to probe a central region of diameter ≈1.5m. The CO2 absorption spectrum is measured using tunable diode laser spectroscopy with wavelength modulation, using the second harmonic to first harmonic (2f/1f) ratio method. The engine is operated over the full range of thrust, while data are recorded in a quasi-simultaneous mode at frame rates of 1.25 and 0.3125 Hz. Various data inversion methodologies are considered and presented for image reconstruction. At all thrust levels a persistent ring structure of high CO2 concentration is observed in the central region of the measurement plane, with a raised region in the middle of the plume assumed to be due to the engine’s boat tail. With its potential to target various exhaust species, the CST method outlined here offers a new approach to turbine combustion research, turbine engine development, and aviation fuel research and development.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	8540-8552
Number of pages	13
Journal	Applied Optics
Volume	61
Issue number	28
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.467828
Publication status	Published - 29 Sept 2022

Keywords

exhaust plumes
aircraft engines
gas turbines
aviation
global emissions
sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs)
carbon dioxide (CO2)
electrically driven propulsion

Access to Document

10.1364/AO.467828Licence: CC BY 4.0

Upadhyay-etal-AO-2022-Tomographic-imaging-of-carbon-dioxide-in-the-exhaust-plumeFinal published version, 27 MBLicence: CC BY 4.0

CIDAR for CleanSky 2 (Combustion species Imaging Diagnostics for Aero-engine Research)
Lengden, M. (Principal Investigator), Burns, I. (Co-investigator) & Johnstone, W. (Co-investigator)
European Commission - Horizon Europe + H2020
1/03/18 → 31/08/21
Project: Research
In-situ Chemical Measurement and Imaging Diagnostics for Energy Process Engineering (Platform Grant)
Johnstone, W. (Principal Investigator), Burns, I. (Co-investigator), Lengden, M. (Co-investigator) & Stewart, G. (Co-investigator)
EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council)
1/10/16 → 30/09/21
Project: Research
FLITES: Fibre Laser Imaging For Gas Turbine Exhaust Species (FLITES)
Johnstone, W. (Principal Investigator) & Lengden, M. (Co-investigator)
EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council)
1/06/12 → 28/02/17
Project: Research

34 Citations
1 Conference contribution book
1 Poster

Miniature modular sensor for chemical species tomography with enhanced spatial resolution
Zhang, R., Xia, J., McCann, H., Liu, C., Ahmed, I., Pourkashanian, M., Gough, A., Armstrong, I., Lengden, M. & Johnstone, W., 20 Dec 2023, 2023 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST). Piscataway: IEEE, 5 p. (IEEE International Workshop on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST)).
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution book

Open Access
File
1 Citation (Scopus)

26 Downloads (Pure)
Rapid and in situ gas turbine plume diagnosis using laser absorption spectroscopy
Zhang, R., Xia, J., Gough, A., Ahmed, I., Fu, Y., Armstrong, I., Upadhyay, A., Enemali, G., Lengden, M., Johnstone, W., Pourkashanian, M., Wright, P., Ozanyan, K., McCann, H. & Liu, C., 9 Jul 2023.
Research output: Contribution to conference › Poster › peer-review

Applied Optics Best Paper Prize 2022 - Imaging Systems
Upadhyay, A. (Recipient), Lengden, M. (Recipient), Enemali, G. (Recipient), Stewart, G. (Recipient), Johnstone, W. (Recipient), Wilson, D. (Recipient), Humphries, G. (Recipient), Benoy, T. (Recipient), Black, J. (Recipient), Chighine , A. (Recipient), Fisher, E. (Recipient), Zhang, R. (Recipient), Liu, C. (Recipient), Polydorides , N. (Recipient), Tsekenis, A. (Recipient), Wright, P. (Recipient), Kliment, J. (Recipient), Nilsson, J. (Recipient), Feng, Y. (Recipient), Archilla Prat, V. (Recipient), Rodriguez-Carmona, J. (Recipient), Valdepenas, J.-S. (Recipient), Beltran, M. (Recipient), Polo, V. (Recipient), Armstrong, I. (Recipient), Mauchline, I. S. (Recipient), Walsh, D. (Recipient), Johnson, M. (Recipient), Bauldreay, J. (Recipient) & McCann, H. (Recipient), 2023
Prize: Prize (including medals and awards)

Cite this

Upadhyay, A., Lengden, M., Enemali, G., Stewart, G., Johnstone, W., Wilson, D., Humphries, G., Benoy, T., Black, J., Chighine , A., Fisher, E., Zhang, R., Liu, C., Polydorides , N., Tsekenis, A., Wright, P., Kliment, J., Nilsson, J., Feng, Y., ... McCann, H. (2022). Tomographic imaging of carbon dioxide in the exhaust plume of large commercial aero-engines. Applied Optics, 61(28), 8540-8552. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.467828

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title = "Tomographic imaging of carbon dioxide in the exhaust plume of large commercial aero-engines",

abstract = "We report here the first implementation of chemically specific imaging in the exhaust plume of a gas turbine typical of those used for propulsion in commercial aircraft. The method used is chemical species tomography (CST) and the target species is CO2, absorbing in the near-infrared at 1999.4 nm. A total of 126 beams propagate transverse to the plume axis, along 7 m paths in a coplanar geometry, to probe a central region of diameter ≈1.5m. The CO2 absorption spectrum is measured using tunable diode laser spectroscopy with wavelength modulation, using the second harmonic to first harmonic (2f/1f) ratio method. The engine is operated over the full range of thrust, while data are recorded in a quasi-simultaneous mode at frame rates of 1.25 and 0.3125 Hz. Various data inversion methodologies are considered and presented for image reconstruction. At all thrust levels a persistent ring structure of high CO2 concentration is observed in the central region of the measurement plane, with a raised region in the middle of the plume assumed to be due to the engine{\textquoteright}s boat tail. With its potential to target various exhaust species, the CST method outlined here offers a new approach to turbine combustion research, turbine engine development, and aviation fuel research and development.",

keywords = "exhaust plumes, aircraft engines, gas turbines, aviation, global emissions, sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), carbon dioxide (CO2), electrically driven propulsion",

author = "Abhishek Upadhyay and Michael Lengden and Godwin Enemali and George Stewart and Walter Johnstone and David Wilson and Gordon Humphries and Thomas Benoy and John Black and Andrea Chighine and Edward Fisher and Rui Zhang and Chang Liu and Nick Polydorides and Alex Tsekenis and Paul Wright and Joshua Kliment and Johan Nilsson and Yutong Feng and Victor Archilla and Javier Rodriguez-Carmona and Jesus Sanchez-Valdepenas and Marta Beltran and Valentin Polo and Ian Armstrong and Iain Mauchline and Douglas Walsh and Mark Johnson and Joanna Bauldreay and Hugh McCann",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "29",

doi = "10.1364/AO.467828",

language = "English",

volume = "61",

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journal = "Applied Optics",

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Upadhyay, A, Lengden, M, Enemali, G, Stewart, G, Johnstone, W, Wilson, D, Humphries, G, Benoy, T, Black, J, Chighine , A, Fisher, E, Zhang, R, Liu, C, Polydorides , N, Tsekenis, A, Wright, P, Kliment, J, Nilsson, J, Feng, Y, Archilla, V, Rodriguez-Carmona, J, Sanchez-Valdepenas, J, Beltran, M, Polo, V, Armstrong, I, Mauchline, I, Walsh, D, Johnson, M, Bauldreay, J & McCann, H 2022, 'Tomographic imaging of carbon dioxide in the exhaust plume of large commercial aero-engines', Applied Optics, vol. 61, no. 28, pp. 8540-8552. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.467828

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T1 - Tomographic imaging of carbon dioxide in the exhaust plume of large commercial aero-engines

AU - Upadhyay, Abhishek

AU - Lengden, Michael

AU - Enemali, Godwin

AU - Stewart, George

AU - Johnstone, Walter

AU - Wilson, David

AU - Humphries, Gordon

AU - Benoy, Thomas

AU - Black, John

AU - Chighine , Andrea

AU - Fisher, Edward

AU - Zhang, Rui

AU - Liu, Chang

AU - Polydorides , Nick

AU - Tsekenis, Alex

AU - Wright, Paul

AU - Kliment, Joshua

AU - Nilsson, Johan

AU - Feng, Yutong

AU - Archilla, Victor

AU - Rodriguez-Carmona, Javier

AU - Sanchez-Valdepenas, Jesus

AU - Beltran, Marta

AU - Polo, Valentin

AU - Armstrong, Ian

AU - Mauchline, Iain

AU - Walsh, Douglas

AU - Johnson, Mark

AU - Bauldreay, Joanna

AU - McCann, Hugh

PY - 2022/9/29

Y1 - 2022/9/29

N2 - We report here the first implementation of chemically specific imaging in the exhaust plume of a gas turbine typical of those used for propulsion in commercial aircraft. The method used is chemical species tomography (CST) and the target species is CO2, absorbing in the near-infrared at 1999.4 nm. A total of 126 beams propagate transverse to the plume axis, along 7 m paths in a coplanar geometry, to probe a central region of diameter ≈1.5m. The CO2 absorption spectrum is measured using tunable diode laser spectroscopy with wavelength modulation, using the second harmonic to first harmonic (2f/1f) ratio method. The engine is operated over the full range of thrust, while data are recorded in a quasi-simultaneous mode at frame rates of 1.25 and 0.3125 Hz. Various data inversion methodologies are considered and presented for image reconstruction. At all thrust levels a persistent ring structure of high CO2 concentration is observed in the central region of the measurement plane, with a raised region in the middle of the plume assumed to be due to the engine’s boat tail. With its potential to target various exhaust species, the CST method outlined here offers a new approach to turbine combustion research, turbine engine development, and aviation fuel research and development.

AB - We report here the first implementation of chemically specific imaging in the exhaust plume of a gas turbine typical of those used for propulsion in commercial aircraft. The method used is chemical species tomography (CST) and the target species is CO2, absorbing in the near-infrared at 1999.4 nm. A total of 126 beams propagate transverse to the plume axis, along 7 m paths in a coplanar geometry, to probe a central region of diameter ≈1.5m. The CO2 absorption spectrum is measured using tunable diode laser spectroscopy with wavelength modulation, using the second harmonic to first harmonic (2f/1f) ratio method. The engine is operated over the full range of thrust, while data are recorded in a quasi-simultaneous mode at frame rates of 1.25 and 0.3125 Hz. Various data inversion methodologies are considered and presented for image reconstruction. At all thrust levels a persistent ring structure of high CO2 concentration is observed in the central region of the measurement plane, with a raised region in the middle of the plume assumed to be due to the engine’s boat tail. With its potential to target various exhaust species, the CST method outlined here offers a new approach to turbine combustion research, turbine engine development, and aviation fuel research and development.

KW - exhaust plumes

KW - aircraft engines

KW - gas turbines

KW - aviation

KW - global emissions

KW - sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs)

KW - carbon dioxide (CO2)

KW - electrically driven propulsion

U2 - 10.1364/AO.467828

DO - 10.1364/AO.467828

M3 - Article

SN - 1559-128X

VL - 61

SP - 8540

EP - 8552

JO - Applied Optics

JF - Applied Optics

IS - 28

ER -

Tomographic imaging of carbon dioxide in the exhaust plume of large commercial aero-engines

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Projects

CIDAR for CleanSky 2 (Combustion species Imaging Diagnostics for Aero-engine Research)

In-situ Chemical Measurement and Imaging Diagnostics for Energy Process Engineering (Platform Grant)

FLITES: Fibre Laser Imaging For Gas Turbine Exhaust Species (FLITES)

Research output

Miniature modular sensor for chemical species tomography with enhanced spatial resolution

Rapid and in situ gas turbine plume diagnosis using laser absorption spectroscopy

Prizes

Applied Optics Best Paper Prize 2022 - Imaging Systems

Cite this