Thinking qualitatively: paradigms and design in qualitative research

Research methods and designs are initially informed by philosophical assumptions. In other words, all methods are influenced by theory. There are a range of theories that have been used in educational research that cut across different paradigms (or frameworks). In this chapter, I have three broad aims: (a) explain what research paradigms are and what they are made of; (b) outline some of the major paradigms used in (physical) education research; and (c) consider the importance of alignment between paradigm, design and methods. I conclude the chapter with 'cases' that assist the reader in critically thinking about paradigms in relation to research.