@inbook{88244b74abe1463fae6c62eed0ab78b8,
title = "Thermal feedback identification in a mobile environment",
abstract = "Audio and vibrotactile feedback are not always suitable or desirable, as noise and/or movement may mask them, and so thermal feedback may provide a salient alternative. In this paper, the identification of 'thermal icons' (structured thermal feedback) was tested as a means of conveying information when users were sitting and walking in an outdoor location. Overall identification rate for thermal icons was 64.6%, but identification of individual parameters was promising, at 94% accuracy for direction of thermal change (warming/cooling) and 73.1% accuracy for subjective intensity (moderate/strong). Results showed that walking outdoors did not significantly worsen icon identification compared to sitting outdoors, but the environmental temperature had a strong influence. Recommendations are given on how better to design and adapt thermal feedback for use in outdoor mobile scenarios.",
keywords = "mobile interaction, non-visual feedback, thermal feedback",
author = "Graham Wilson and Stephen Brewster and Martin Halvey and Stephen Hughes",
year = "2013",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-642-41068-0_2",
language = "English",
isbn = "9783642410673",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
publisher = "Springer",
pages = "10--19",
editor = "Ian Oakley and Stephen Brewster",
booktitle = "Haptic and Audio Interface Design",
note = "8th International Workshop on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design ; Conference date: 08-04-2013 Through 09-04-2013",
}