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Abstract
Developing countries face a huge burden of infectious diseases, a number of which co-exist. This paper estimates the pattern and variation of malaria and diarrhea coexistence in Chikhwawa, a district in Southern Malawi using bivariate multilevel modelling with Bayesian estimation. A probit link was employed to examine hierarchically built data from a survey of individuals (n = 6,727) nested within households (n = 1,380) nested within communities (n = 33). Results show significant malaria [σ2ul = 0.901 (95% CI : 0.746,1.056) ] and diarrhea [σ2ul = 1.009 (95% CI : 0.860,1.158) ] variations with a strong correlation between them [ru(1,2) = 0.565 ] at household level. There are significant malaria [σ2v1 = 0.053 (95% CI : 0.018,0.088) ] and diarrhea [σ2v2 = 0.099 (95% CI : 0.030,0.168 ] variations at community level but with a small correlation [rv(1,2) = 0.124 ] between them. There is also significant correlation between malaria and diarrhea at individual level [re(1,2) 0.241]. These results suggest a close association between reported malaria-like illness and diarrheal illness especially at household and individual levels in Southern Malawi.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 8526-8541 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 7 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 21 Jul 2015 |
Keywords
- malaria and diarrhoea coexistence
- random effects
- Bayesian analysis
- bivariate multilevel analysis
- household anad community variation
- Southern Malawi
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- 1 Finished
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Scotland Chikhwawa Health Initiative (2010 - 2013)
Morse, T. (Academic) & Kalin, R. (Academic)
1/06/10 → 31/03/13
Project: Research