Testing strong-field QED to second order in the highly correlated atomic system berylliumlike Pb78+ by electron-ion collision spectroscopy

S. Schippers; C. Brandau; S. Fuchs; M. Lestinsky; S. X. Wang; C. Y. Zhang; N. R. Badnell; A. Borovik; M. Fogle; V. Hannen; Z. Harman; P.-M. Hillenbrand; E. B. Menz; Y. Zhang; Z. Andelkovic; F. Herfurth; R. Heß; A. Kalinin; C. Kozhuharov; C. Krantz; S. Litvinov; B. Lorentz; U. Spillmann; M. Steck; G. Vorobyev; D. Banaś; S. Fritzsche; E. Lindroth; X. Ma; A. Müller; R. Schuch; A. Surzhykov; M. Trassinelli; K. Ueberholz; C. Weinheimer; Th. Stöhlker

doi:10.1103/6j3v-lwxj

Testing strong-field QED to second order in the highly correlated atomic system berylliumlike Pb78+ by electron-ion collision spectroscopy

S. Schippers
, C. Brandau
, S. Fuchs
, M. Lestinsky
, S. X. Wang
, C. Y. Zhang
, N. R. Badnell
, A. Borovik
, M. Fogle
, V. Hannen
, Z. Harman
, P.-M. Hillenbrand
, E. B. Menz
, Y. Zhang
, Z. Andelkovic
, F. Herfurth
, R. Heß
, A. Kalinin
, C. Kozhuharov
, C. Krantz

S. Litvinov, B. Lorentz, U. Spillmann, M. Steck, G. Vorobyev, D. Banaś, S. Fritzsche, E. Lindroth, X. Ma, A. Müller, R. Schuch, A. Surzhykov, M. Trassinelli, K. Ueberholz, C. Weinheimer, Th. Stöhlker

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Abstract

A low-energy storage ring with an ultracold electron cooler has been coupled with a heavy-ion accelerator facilitating high-resolution electron-ion collision spectroscopy of the heaviest few-electron ions. In the present Letter resonant electron-ion recombination of berylliumlike Pb^{78+} ions was measured in the collision-energy range 9.3-16.5 eV and a value of 244.937(30) eV is derived for the Pb^{78+}(2s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}-2s2p ^{3}P_{1}) excitation energy. This result agrees with the most recent (less accurate) theoretical value of 244.942(52) eV [Malyshev et al., Phys. Rev. A 110, 062824 (2024)PLRAAN2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.110.062824], which has been calculated by applying strong-field QED rigorously up to the second order. The present investigation suggests that further technical improvements can potentially increase the experimental accuracy by an order of magnitude.

Original language	English
Article number	113001
Number of pages	8
Journal	Physical Review Letters
Volume	135
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/6j3v-lwxj
Publication status	Published - 10 Sept 2025

Funding

The authors acknowledge financial support from the German Federal Ministry for Research, Technology, and Space (Bundesministerium fur Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt, BMFTR) via the Collaborative Research Center ErUM-FSP T05-Aufbau von APPA bei FAIR (Grants No. 05P19PMFA1, No. 05P19RGFA1, No. 05P21PMFA1, No. 05P21RGFA1, No. 05P24RG2, and No. 05P24SJA) and from the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2022YFA1602500, and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12393824 is gratefully acknowledged. C.B. and S.-X.W. acknowledge the support by the State of Hesse within the Research Cluster ELEMENTS (Project ID 500/10.006).

Keywords

ions
storage rings
lineshapes & shifts
electron & positron scattering
autoionization & Auger processes

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Schippers, S., Brandau, C., Fuchs, S., Lestinsky, M., Wang, S. X., Zhang, C. Y., Badnell, N. R., Borovik, A., Fogle, M., Hannen, V., Harman, Z., Hillenbrand, P.-M., Menz, E. B., Zhang, Y., Andelkovic, Z., Herfurth, F., Heß, R., Kalinin, A., Kozhuharov, C., ... Stöhlker, T. (2025). Testing strong-field QED to second order in the highly correlated atomic system berylliumlike Pb78+ by electron-ion collision spectroscopy. Physical Review Letters, 135(11), Article 113001 . https://doi.org/10.1103/6j3v-lwxj

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title = "Testing strong-field QED to second order in the highly correlated atomic system berylliumlike Pb78+ by electron-ion collision spectroscopy",

abstract = "A low-energy storage ring with an ultracold electron cooler has been coupled with a heavy-ion accelerator facilitating high-resolution electron-ion collision spectroscopy of the heaviest few-electron ions. In the present Letter resonant electron-ion recombination of berylliumlike Pb\textasciicircum{}\{78+\} ions was measured in the collision-energy range 9.3-16.5 eV and a value of 244.937(30) eV is derived for the Pb\textasciicircum{}\{78+\}(2s\textasciicircum{}\{2\} \textasciicircum{}\{1\}S\_\{0\}-2s2p \textasciicircum{}\{3\}P\_\{1\}) excitation energy. This result agrees with the most recent (less accurate) theoretical value of 244.942(52) eV [Malyshev et al., Phys. Rev. A 110, 062824 (2024)PLRAAN2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.110.062824], which has been calculated by applying strong-field QED rigorously up to the second order. The present investigation suggests that further technical improvements can potentially increase the experimental accuracy by an order of magnitude.",

keywords = "ions, storage rings, lineshapes \& shifts, electron \& positron scattering, autoionization \& Auger processes",

author = "S. Schippers and C. Brandau and S. Fuchs and M. Lestinsky and S. X. Wang and C. Y. Zhang and N. R. Badnell and A. Borovik and M. Fogle and V. Hannen and Z. Harman and P.-M. Hillenbrand and E. B. Menz and Y. Zhang and Z. Andelkovic and F. Herfurth and R. He{\ss} and A. Kalinin and C. Kozhuharov and C. Krantz and S. Litvinov and B. Lorentz and U. Spillmann and M. Steck and G. Vorobyev and D. Bana{\'s} and S. Fritzsche and E. Lindroth and X. Ma and A. M{\"u}ller and R. Schuch and A. Surzhykov and M. Trassinelli and K. Ueberholz and C. Weinheimer and Th. St{\"o}hlker",

year = "2025",

month = sep,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1103/6j3v-lwxj",

language = "English",

volume = "135",

journal = "Physical Review Letters",

issn = "0031-9007",

publisher = "American Physical Society",

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Schippers, S, Brandau, C, Fuchs, S, Lestinsky, M, Wang, SX, Zhang, CY, Badnell, NR, Borovik, A, Fogle, M, Hannen, V, Harman, Z, Hillenbrand, P-M, Menz, EB, Zhang, Y, Andelkovic, Z, Herfurth, F, Heß, R, Kalinin, A, Kozhuharov, C, Krantz, C, Litvinov, S, Lorentz, B, Spillmann, U, Steck, M, Vorobyev, G, Banaś, D, Fritzsche, S, Lindroth, E, Ma, X, Müller, A, Schuch, R, Surzhykov, A, Trassinelli, M, Ueberholz, K, Weinheimer, C & Stöhlker, T 2025, 'Testing strong-field QED to second order in the highly correlated atomic system berylliumlike Pb78+ by electron-ion collision spectroscopy', Physical Review Letters, vol. 135, no. 11, 113001 . https://doi.org/10.1103/6j3v-lwxj

TY - JOUR

T1 - Testing strong-field QED to second order in the highly correlated atomic system berylliumlike Pb78+ by electron-ion collision spectroscopy

AU - Schippers, S.

AU - Brandau, C.

AU - Fuchs, S.

AU - Lestinsky, M.

AU - Wang, S. X.

AU - Zhang, C. Y.

AU - Badnell, N. R.

AU - Borovik, A.

AU - Fogle, M.

AU - Hannen, V.

AU - Harman, Z.

AU - Hillenbrand, P.-M.

AU - Menz, E. B.

AU - Zhang, Y.

AU - Andelkovic, Z.

AU - Herfurth, F.

AU - Heß, R.

AU - Kalinin, A.

AU - Kozhuharov, C.

AU - Krantz, C.

AU - Litvinov, S.

AU - Lorentz, B.

AU - Spillmann, U.

AU - Steck, M.

AU - Vorobyev, G.

AU - Banaś, D.

AU - Fritzsche, S.

AU - Lindroth, E.

AU - Ma, X.

AU - Müller, A.

AU - Schuch, R.

AU - Surzhykov, A.

AU - Trassinelli, M.

AU - Ueberholz, K.

AU - Weinheimer, C.

AU - Stöhlker, Th.

PY - 2025/9/10

Y1 - 2025/9/10

N2 - A low-energy storage ring with an ultracold electron cooler has been coupled with a heavy-ion accelerator facilitating high-resolution electron-ion collision spectroscopy of the heaviest few-electron ions. In the present Letter resonant electron-ion recombination of berylliumlike Pb^{78+} ions was measured in the collision-energy range 9.3-16.5 eV and a value of 244.937(30) eV is derived for the Pb^{78+}(2s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}-2s2p ^{3}P_{1}) excitation energy. This result agrees with the most recent (less accurate) theoretical value of 244.942(52) eV [Malyshev et al., Phys. Rev. A 110, 062824 (2024)PLRAAN2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.110.062824], which has been calculated by applying strong-field QED rigorously up to the second order. The present investigation suggests that further technical improvements can potentially increase the experimental accuracy by an order of magnitude.

AB - A low-energy storage ring with an ultracold electron cooler has been coupled with a heavy-ion accelerator facilitating high-resolution electron-ion collision spectroscopy of the heaviest few-electron ions. In the present Letter resonant electron-ion recombination of berylliumlike Pb^{78+} ions was measured in the collision-energy range 9.3-16.5 eV and a value of 244.937(30) eV is derived for the Pb^{78+}(2s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}-2s2p ^{3}P_{1}) excitation energy. This result agrees with the most recent (less accurate) theoretical value of 244.942(52) eV [Malyshev et al., Phys. Rev. A 110, 062824 (2024)PLRAAN2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.110.062824], which has been calculated by applying strong-field QED rigorously up to the second order. The present investigation suggests that further technical improvements can potentially increase the experimental accuracy by an order of magnitude.

KW - ions

KW - storage rings

KW - lineshapes & shifts

KW - electron & positron scattering

KW - autoionization & Auger processes

U2 - 10.1103/6j3v-lwxj

DO - 10.1103/6j3v-lwxj

M3 - Article

SN - 0031-9007

VL - 135

JO - Physical Review Letters

JF - Physical Review Letters

IS - 11

M1 - 113001

ER -

Testing strong-field QED to second order in the highly correlated atomic system berylliumlike Pb78+ by electron-ion collision spectroscopy

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

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