Spectrally resolved wave-mixing between near- and far-infrared pulses in gas

We investigate the nonlinear wave-mixing in gases between intense, short optical pulses and long-wavelength fields (mid infrared and terahertz). We show numerically that the beating between the sum- and difference-frequency generation components can be isolated in the spectrogram of the interaction, and can be used to sample the electric field oscillations of the long-wavelength pulses. This, in turn, could be employed as a possible characterization method that provides information on the real electric field amplitude. Our numerical model is supported by spectrally resolved measurements of the four-wave mixing signals obtained from the interaction of intense, single-cycle terahertz fields (λ > 15 μm) and optical pulses (λ ≃ 800 nm, 50 fs duration) in air.