Short-term spatio-temporal prediction of wind speed and direction

This paper aims to produce a low-complexity predictor for the hourly mean wind speed and direction from 1 to 6 h ahead at multiple sites distributed around the UK. The wind speed and direction are modelled via the magnitude and phase of a complex-valued time series. A multichannel adaptive filter is set to predict this signal on the basis of its past values and the spatio-temporal correlation between wind signals measured at numerous geographical locations. The filter coefficients are determined by minimizing the mean square prediction error. To account for the time-varying nature of the wind data and the underlying system, we propose a cyclo-stationary Wiener solution, which is shown to produce an accurate predictor. An iterative solution, which provides lower computational complexity, increased robustness towards ill-conditioning of the data covariance matrices and the ability to track time-variations in the underlying system, is also presented. The approaches are tested on wind speed and direction data measured at various sites across the UK. Results show that the proposed techniques are able to predict wind speed as accurately as state-of-the-art wind speed forecasting benchmarks while simultaneously providing valuable directional information.