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Abstract
In recent decades, the central Arctic Ocean has been experiencing dramatic decline in sea ice coverage, thickness and extent, which is expected to have a tremendous impact on all levels of Arctic marine life. Here, we analyze the regional and temporal changes in pan-Arctic distribution and population structure of the key zooplankton species Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus in relation to recent changes in ice conditions, based on historical (1993–1998) and recent (2007–2016) zooplankton collections and satellite-based sea ice observations. We found strong correlations between Calanus abundance/population structure and a number of sea ice parameters. These relationships were particularly strong for C. glacialis, with higher numbers being observed at locations with a lower ice concentration, a shorter distance to the ice edge, and more days of open water. Interestingly, early stages of C. hyperboreus followed the same trends, suggesting that these two species substantially overlap in their core distribution area in the Arctic Ocean. Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus have been historically classified as shelf versus basin species, yet we conclude that both species can inhabit a wide range of bottom depths and their distribution in the Arctic Ocean is largely shaped by sea ice dynamics. Our data suggest that the core distribution patterns of these key zooplankton are shifting northwards with retreating sea ice and changing climate conditions.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2128-2143 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Global Change Biology |
Volume | 27 |
Issue number | 10 |
Early online date | 19 Feb 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 31 May 2021 |
Funding
We would like to thank Captain S. Schwarze, his crew of the RV “Polarstern” and the chief scientists Eike Rachor, Ursula Schauer and Antje Boetius for their support during “Polarstern” expeditions. We also thank Paul Wassmann and the Arctic SIZE team at UiT for valuable discussion and feedback. Additionally, we thank R. J. Nelson and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. The ship time during the PS101 expedition was funded by AWI grant no. AWI_PS101_01. This study was supported by funding from Arctic SIZE by the Norwegian Government and Tromsø Research Foundation (project #01vm/h15) and performed in the framework of the state assignment of IO RAS (theme no. 0128–2021–0007). Data processing and manuscript preparation was supported by the Russian Ministry of Science and Education, agreement number 298 14.616.21.0078 (RFMEFI61617X0078). The work of KK and EE was partially supported by Russian Science Foundation grant no. 19‐17‐00058 and by Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant 19‐04‐00955. The work of NSB was supported by the “Diapod” project (NE/P005985/1), part of the Changing Arctic Ocean programme of the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The work of BN and NH was carried out as part of the Russian‐German Research Cooperation QUARCCS funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) under grant 03F0777A.
Keywords
- biogeography
- climate change
- phenology
- polar regions
- zooplankton
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Mechanistic understanding of the role of diatoms in the success of the Arctic Calanus complex and implications for a warmer Arctic | Connan-McGinty, Stacey
McKee, D. (Principal Investigator), Banas, N. (Co-investigator) & Connan-McGinty, S. (Research Co-investigator)
EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council)
1/08/19 → 4/10/23
Project: Research - Internally Allocated