SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort

the CMMID COVID-19 working group; the SpaceX COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative; Emilie Finch; Rachel Lowe; Stephanie Fischinger; Michael de St Aubin; Sameed M. Siddiqui; Diana Dayal; Michael A. Loesche; Justin Rhee; Samuel Beger; Yiyuan Hu; Matthew J. Gluck; Benjamin Mormann; Mohammad A. Hasdianda; Elon R. Musk; Galit Alter; Anil S. Menon; Eric J. Nilles; Adam J. Kucharski; Jiayao Lei; Sebastian Funk; Fiona Yueqian Sun; Amy Gimma; Emily S. Nightingale; Graham Medley; Sam Abbott; Fabienne Krauer; Nicholas G. Davies; Mark Jit; Akira Endo; Oliver Brady; Anna M. Foss; Yung Wai Desmond Chan; Thibaut Jombart; Kevin van Zandvoort; Rosalind M. Eggo; Yang Liu; Gwenan M. Knight; Carl A.B. Pearson; Kaja Abbas; Katherine E. Atkins; Samuel Clifford; Mihaly Koltai; Yalda Jafari; Damien C. Tully; Christopher I. Jarvis; Kathleen O'Reilly; Nikos I. Bosse; Kiesha Prem; William Waites; Stefan Flasche

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001531

SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort

the CMMID COVID-19 working group, the SpaceX COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative, Emilie Finch^*, Rachel Lowe, Stephanie Fischinger, Michael de St Aubin, Sameed M. Siddiqui, Diana Dayal, Michael A. Loesche, Justin Rhee, Samuel Beger, Yiyuan Hu, Matthew J. Gluck, Benjamin Mormann, Mohammad A. Hasdianda, Elon R. Musk, Galit Alter, Anil S. Menon, Eric J. Nilles, Adam J. KucharskiJiayao Lei, Sebastian Funk, Fiona Yueqian Sun, Amy Gimma, Emily S. Nightingale, Graham Medley, Sam Abbott, Fabienne Krauer, Nicholas G. Davies, Mark Jit, Akira Endo, Oliver Brady, Anna M. Foss, Yung Wai Desmond Chan, Thibaut Jombart, Kevin van Zandvoort, Rosalind M. Eggo, Yang Liu, Gwenan M. Knight, Carl A.B. Pearson, Kaja Abbas, Katherine E. Atkins, Samuel Clifford, Mihaly Koltai, Yalda Jafari, Damien C. Tully, Christopher I. Jarvis, Kathleen O'Reilly, Nikos I. Bosse, Kiesha Prem, William Waites, Stefan Flasche

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

17 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Identifying the potential for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome : Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection is crucial for understanding possible long-term epidemic dynamics. We analysed longitudinal PCR and serological testing data from a prospective cohort of 4,411 United States employees in 4 states between April 2020 and February 2021. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression investigating the association between baseline serological status and subsequent PCR test result in order to calculate an odds ratio for reinfection. We estimated an odds ratio for reinfection ranging from 0.14 (95% CI: 0.019 to 0.63) to 0.28 (95% CI: 0.05 to 1.1), implying that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline is associated with around 72% to 86% reduced odds of a subsequent PCR positive test based on our point estimates. This suggests that primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides protection against reinfection in the majority of individuals, at least over a 6-month time period. We also highlight 2 major sources of bias and uncertainty to be considered when estimating the relative risk of reinfection, confounders, and the choice of baseline time point and show how to account for both in reinfection analysis.

Original language	English
Article number	e3001531
Number of pages	11
Journal	PLOS Biology
Volume	20
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001531
Publication status	Published - 10 Feb 2022

Funding

The authors received funding from the following sources: EF was funded by the Medical Research Council (MR/N013638/1); AJK was supported by Wellcome Trust (206250/Z/17/Z) and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR200908); RL was funded by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship (https://royalsociety. org). EN was supported by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01 U01GH002238). AM was supported by the Translational Research Institute for Space Health through NASA Cooperative Agreement (https://www.nasa.gov/hrp/tri; NNX16AO69A). GA was supported by the Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness (https://masscpr.hms. harvard.edu/; MassCPR), the National Institutes of Health (3R37AI080289-11S1, R01AI146785, U19AI42790-01, U19AI135995-02, 1U01CA260476-01) and the Musk Foundation (http://www.muskfoundation.org/). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2
antibodies
reinfection
multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort
Covid-19
risk of reinfection

Access to Document

10.1371/journal.pbio.3001531Licence: CC BY 4.0

Finch-etal-PLOSB-2022-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies-protect-against-reinfection-for-at-least-6-monthsFinal published version, 914 KBLicence: CC BY 4.0

Cite this

the CMMID COVID-19 working group, the SpaceX COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative, Finch, E., Lowe, R., Fischinger, S., de St Aubin, M., Siddiqui, S. M., Dayal, D., Loesche, M. A., Rhee, J., Beger, S., Hu, Y., Gluck, M. J., Mormann, B., Hasdianda, M. A., Musk, E. R., Alter, G., Menon, A. S., Nilles, E. J., ... Flasche, S. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort. PLOS Biology, 20(2), Article e3001531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001531

@article{347a9cc7ca0241318ae1de7b02e7e764,

title = "SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort",

abstract = "Identifying the potential for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome : Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection is crucial for understanding possible long-term epidemic dynamics. We analysed longitudinal PCR and serological testing data from a prospective cohort of 4,411 United States employees in 4 states between April 2020 and February 2021. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression investigating the association between baseline serological status and subsequent PCR test result in order to calculate an odds ratio for reinfection. We estimated an odds ratio for reinfection ranging from 0.14 (95% CI: 0.019 to 0.63) to 0.28 (95% CI: 0.05 to 1.1), implying that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline is associated with around 72% to 86% reduced odds of a subsequent PCR positive test based on our point estimates. This suggests that primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides protection against reinfection in the majority of individuals, at least over a 6-month time period. We also highlight 2 major sources of bias and uncertainty to be considered when estimating the relative risk of reinfection, confounders, and the choice of baseline time point and show how to account for both in reinfection analysis.",

keywords = "SARS-CoV-2, antibodies, reinfection, multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort, Covid-19, risk of reinfection",

author = "{the CMMID COVID-19 working group} and {the SpaceX COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative} and Emilie Finch and Rachel Lowe and Stephanie Fischinger and {de St Aubin}, Michael and Siddiqui, {Sameed M.} and Diana Dayal and Loesche, {Michael A.} and Justin Rhee and Samuel Beger and Yiyuan Hu and Gluck, {Matthew J.} and Benjamin Mormann and Hasdianda, {Mohammad A.} and Musk, {Elon R.} and Galit Alter and Menon, {Anil S.} and Nilles, {Eric J.} and Kucharski, {Adam J.} and Jiayao Lei and Sebastian Funk and Sun, {Fiona Yueqian} and Amy Gimma and Nightingale, {Emily S.} and Graham Medley and Sam Abbott and Fabienne Krauer and Davies, {Nicholas G.} and Mark Jit and Akira Endo and Oliver Brady and Foss, {Anna M.} and Chan, {Yung Wai Desmond} and Thibaut Jombart and {van Zandvoort}, Kevin and Eggo, {Rosalind M.} and Yang Liu and Knight, {Gwenan M.} and Pearson, {Carl A.B.} and Kaja Abbas and Atkins, {Katherine E.} and Samuel Clifford and Mihaly Koltai and Yalda Jafari and Tully, {Damien C.} and Jarvis, {Christopher I.} and Kathleen O'Reilly and Bosse, {Nikos I.} and Kiesha Prem and William Waites and Stefan Flasche",

year = "2022",

month = feb,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1371/journal.pbio.3001531",

language = "English",

volume = "20",

journal = "PLOS Biology",

issn = "1544-9173",

number = "2",

}

the CMMID COVID-19 working group, the SpaceX COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative, Finch, E, Lowe, R, Fischinger, S, de St Aubin, M, Siddiqui, SM, Dayal, D, Loesche, MA, Rhee, J, Beger, S, Hu, Y, Gluck, MJ, Mormann, B, Hasdianda, MA, Musk, ER, Alter, G, Menon, AS, Nilles, EJ, Kucharski, AJ, Lei, J, Funk, S, Sun, FY, Gimma, A, Nightingale, ES, Medley, G, Abbott, S, Krauer, F, Davies, NG, Jit, M, Endo, A, Brady, O, Foss, AM, Chan, YWD, Jombart, T, van Zandvoort, K, Eggo, RM, Liu, Y, Knight, GM, Pearson, CAB, Abbas, K, Atkins, KE, Clifford, S, Koltai, M, Jafari, Y, Tully, DC, Jarvis, CI, O'Reilly, K, Bosse, NI, Prem, K, Waites, W & Flasche, S 2022, 'SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort', PLOS Biology, vol. 20, no. 2, e3001531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001531

TY - JOUR

T1 - SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort

AU - the CMMID COVID-19 working group

AU - the SpaceX COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative

AU - Finch, Emilie

AU - Lowe, Rachel

AU - Fischinger, Stephanie

AU - de St Aubin, Michael

AU - Siddiqui, Sameed M.

AU - Dayal, Diana

AU - Loesche, Michael A.

AU - Rhee, Justin

AU - Beger, Samuel

AU - Hu, Yiyuan

AU - Gluck, Matthew J.

AU - Mormann, Benjamin

AU - Hasdianda, Mohammad A.

AU - Musk, Elon R.

AU - Alter, Galit

AU - Menon, Anil S.

AU - Nilles, Eric J.

AU - Kucharski, Adam J.

AU - Lei, Jiayao

AU - Funk, Sebastian

AU - Sun, Fiona Yueqian

AU - Gimma, Amy

AU - Nightingale, Emily S.

AU - Medley, Graham

AU - Abbott, Sam

AU - Krauer, Fabienne

AU - Davies, Nicholas G.

AU - Jit, Mark

AU - Endo, Akira

AU - Brady, Oliver

AU - Foss, Anna M.

AU - Chan, Yung Wai Desmond

AU - Jombart, Thibaut

AU - van Zandvoort, Kevin

AU - Eggo, Rosalind M.

AU - Liu, Yang

AU - Knight, Gwenan M.

AU - Pearson, Carl A.B.

AU - Abbas, Kaja

AU - Atkins, Katherine E.

AU - Clifford, Samuel

AU - Koltai, Mihaly

AU - Jafari, Yalda

AU - Tully, Damien C.

AU - Jarvis, Christopher I.

AU - O'Reilly, Kathleen

AU - Bosse, Nikos I.

AU - Prem, Kiesha

AU - Waites, William

AU - Flasche, Stefan

PY - 2022/2/10

Y1 - 2022/2/10

N2 - Identifying the potential for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome : Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection is crucial for understanding possible long-term epidemic dynamics. We analysed longitudinal PCR and serological testing data from a prospective cohort of 4,411 United States employees in 4 states between April 2020 and February 2021. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression investigating the association between baseline serological status and subsequent PCR test result in order to calculate an odds ratio for reinfection. We estimated an odds ratio for reinfection ranging from 0.14 (95% CI: 0.019 to 0.63) to 0.28 (95% CI: 0.05 to 1.1), implying that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline is associated with around 72% to 86% reduced odds of a subsequent PCR positive test based on our point estimates. This suggests that primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides protection against reinfection in the majority of individuals, at least over a 6-month time period. We also highlight 2 major sources of bias and uncertainty to be considered when estimating the relative risk of reinfection, confounders, and the choice of baseline time point and show how to account for both in reinfection analysis.

AB - Identifying the potential for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome : Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection is crucial for understanding possible long-term epidemic dynamics. We analysed longitudinal PCR and serological testing data from a prospective cohort of 4,411 United States employees in 4 states between April 2020 and February 2021. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression investigating the association between baseline serological status and subsequent PCR test result in order to calculate an odds ratio for reinfection. We estimated an odds ratio for reinfection ranging from 0.14 (95% CI: 0.019 to 0.63) to 0.28 (95% CI: 0.05 to 1.1), implying that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline is associated with around 72% to 86% reduced odds of a subsequent PCR positive test based on our point estimates. This suggests that primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 provides protection against reinfection in the majority of individuals, at least over a 6-month time period. We also highlight 2 major sources of bias and uncertainty to be considered when estimating the relative risk of reinfection, confounders, and the choice of baseline time point and show how to account for both in reinfection analysis.

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - antibodies

KW - reinfection

KW - multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort

KW - Covid-19

KW - risk of reinfection

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001531

DO - 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001531

M3 - Article

C2 - 35143473

AN - SCOPUS:85124597692

SN - 1544-9173

VL - 20

JO - PLOS Biology

JF - PLOS Biology

IS - 2

M1 - e3001531

ER -

SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protect against reinfection for at least 6 months in a multicentre seroepidemiological workplace cohort

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this