Robust multi-disciplinary design and optimisation of a reusable launch vehicle

For various technical reasons, no fully reusable launch vehicle has ever been successfully constructed or operated. Nonetheless, a range of reusable hypersonic vehicles is currently being considered as a viable alternative to the expensive but more conventional expendable rocket systems that are currently being used to gain access to space. This paper presents a methodology that has been developed for the rapid and efficient preliminary design of such vehicles. The methodology that is presented uses multi-disciplinary design optimization
coupled with an integrated set of reduced-order models to estimate the characteristics of the vehicle's aero-thermodynamic, propulsion, thermal protection and internal system architecture, as well as to estimate its overall mass. In the present work, the methodology has been applied to the multi-disciplinary modelling and optimization of a reusable hybrid rocket- and ramjet-powered launch vehicle during both the ascent and re-entry phases of its mission.