Removal of iodide from water using silver nanoparticles-impregnated synthetic zeolites

Synthetic zeolite-based Ag-nanocomposites were synthesized, characterized and used to remove iodide from aqueous solutions. The results showed high removal efficiency (up to 94.85%)and the formation silver iodide which is stable into the material. The maximum achieved adsorption capacity of the nanocomposites was between 19.54 and 20.44 mg/g. The removal mechanism was meticulously studied by taking into account both water chemistry and surface interactions backed by multiple characterization techniques, such as XRD, XRF, SEM/EDX, TEM and BET. The qualitative and quantitative examination of pre- and post-adsorption of nanocomposite samples proved that the anchored silver iodide was formed via oxidation of initial silver nanoparticles followed by reaction with iodide to form a stable crystalline precipitate on the surface of the materials. A diffusion-based adsorption model indicated that the controlling mechanism is a slow intraparticle surface diffusion with diffusion coefficients in the range of 0.37–1.72 × 10⁻¹³ cm²/s. The investigation of competing and co-existing anions (Cl⁻, Br⁻, CO₃ ²⁻, and CrO₄ ²⁻)on the removal efficiency of iodide demonstrated a negligible effect showing a kinetically favorable precipitation reaction of iodide over other anions.