Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density

Keith Mathieson; James Loudin; Georges Goetz; Philip Huie; Lele Wang; Theodore I. Kamins; Ludwig Galambos; Richard Smith; James S. Harris; Alexander Sher; Daniel Palanker

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.104

Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density

Keith Mathieson, James Loudin, Georges Goetz, Philip Huie, Lele Wang, Theodore I. Kamins, Ludwig Galambos, Richard Smith, James S. Harris, Alexander Sher, Daniel Palanker

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

402 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Retinal degenerative diseases lead to blindness due to loss of the ‘image capturing’ photoreceptors, while neurons in the ‘image-processing’ inner retinal layers are relatively well preserved. Electronic retinal prostheses seek to restore sight by electrically stimulating the surviving neurons. Most implants are powered through inductive coils, requiring complex surgical methods to implant the coil-decoder-cable-array systems that deliver energy to stimulating electrodes via intraocular cables. We present a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis, in which silicon photodiodes in each pixel receive power and data directly through pulsed near-infrared illumination and electrically stimulate neurons. Stimulation is produced in normal and degenerate rat retinas, with pulse durations of 0.5–4 ms, and threshold peak irradiances of 0.2–10 mW mm−2, two orders of magnitude below the ocular safety limit. Neural responses were elicited by illuminating a single 70 µm bipolar pixel, demonstrating the possibility of a fully integrated photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	391-397
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nature Photonics
Volume	6
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2012.104
Publication status	Published - Jun 2012

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

biophotonics
solar energy
photovoltaic technology

Access to Document

10.1038/nphoton.2012.104

1 Finished
1 Active

Optoelectronic Retinal Prosthesis
Mathieson, K. (Co-investigator), Sher, A. (Co-investigator) & Palanker, D. V. (Principal Investigator)
27/09/09 → …
Project: Projects from Previous Employment
SU2P: Stanford-Scotland Photonics Innovation Collaboration (Science Bridges)
Ferguson, A. (Principal Investigator), Ackemann, T. (Co-investigator), Burns, D. (Co-investigator), Dawson, M. (Co-investigator), McConnell, G. (Co-investigator) & Riis, E. (Co-investigator)
EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council)
1/09/09 → 28/02/13
Project: Research

University of Stanford
Mathieson, K. (Visiting researcher)
Sept 2009 → Sept 2011
Activity: Visiting an External Institution › Visiting an external academic institution

Cite this

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title = "Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density",

abstract = "Retinal degenerative diseases lead to blindness due to loss of the {\textquoteleft}image capturing{\textquoteright} photoreceptors, while neurons in the {\textquoteleft}image-processing{\textquoteright} inner retinal layers are relatively well preserved. Electronic retinal prostheses seek to restore sight by electrically stimulating the surviving neurons. Most implants are powered through inductive coils, requiring complex surgical methods to implant the coil-decoder-cable-array systems that deliver energy to stimulating electrodes via intraocular cables. We present a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis, in which silicon photodiodes in each pixel receive power and data directly through pulsed near-infrared illumination and electrically stimulate neurons. Stimulation is produced in normal and degenerate rat retinas, with pulse durations of 0.5–4 ms, and threshold peak irradiances of 0.2–10 mW mm−2, two orders of magnitude below the ocular safety limit. Neural responses were elicited by illuminating a single 70 µm bipolar pixel, demonstrating the possibility of a fully integrated photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density.",

keywords = "biophotonics, solar energy, photovoltaic technology",

author = "Keith Mathieson and James Loudin and Georges Goetz and Philip Huie and Lele Wang and Kamins, \{Theodore I.\} and Ludwig Galambos and Richard Smith and Harris, \{James S.\} and Alexander Sher and Daniel Palanker",

year = "2012",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1038/nphoton.2012.104",

language = "English",

volume = "6",

pages = "391--397",

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AU - Mathieson, Keith

AU - Loudin, James

AU - Goetz, Georges

AU - Huie, Philip

AU - Wang, Lele

AU - Kamins, Theodore I.

AU - Galambos, Ludwig

AU - Smith, Richard

AU - Harris, James S.

AU - Sher, Alexander

AU - Palanker, Daniel

PY - 2012/6

Y1 - 2012/6

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AB - Retinal degenerative diseases lead to blindness due to loss of the ‘image capturing’ photoreceptors, while neurons in the ‘image-processing’ inner retinal layers are relatively well preserved. Electronic retinal prostheses seek to restore sight by electrically stimulating the surviving neurons. Most implants are powered through inductive coils, requiring complex surgical methods to implant the coil-decoder-cable-array systems that deliver energy to stimulating electrodes via intraocular cables. We present a photovoltaic subretinal prosthesis, in which silicon photodiodes in each pixel receive power and data directly through pulsed near-infrared illumination and electrically stimulate neurons. Stimulation is produced in normal and degenerate rat retinas, with pulse durations of 0.5–4 ms, and threshold peak irradiances of 0.2–10 mW mm−2, two orders of magnitude below the ocular safety limit. Neural responses were elicited by illuminating a single 70 µm bipolar pixel, demonstrating the possibility of a fully integrated photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density.

KW - biophotonics

KW - solar energy

KW - photovoltaic technology

U2 - 10.1038/nphoton.2012.104

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M3 - Article

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SP - 391

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JO - Nature Photonics

JF - Nature Photonics

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Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis with high pixel density

Abstract

UN SDGs

Keywords

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Projects

Optoelectronic Retinal Prosthesis

SU2P: Stanford-Scotland Photonics Innovation Collaboration (Science Bridges)

Activities

University of Stanford

Cite this