Peridynamic formulation for higher order functionally graded beams

With the development of advanced manufacturing technologies, the importance of functionally graded materials is increasing due to their advantages over widely used traditional composites. In this study, a new higher order functionally graded beam formulation is presented by using peridynamics. Both thin and thick beams can be analysed by using the new formulation. Moreover, there is no need to use a shear correction factor. Euler-Lagrange equations and Taylor's expansion are utilised to derive the governing equations. Several benchmark problems are studied to validate the newly developed higher order functionally graded beam formulation by considering different boundary conditions including clamped, simply supported and mixed boundary conditions. Peridynamic results are compared against finite element analysis results. According to the comparison, peridynamic and finite element analysis results agree very well with each other.