Pedestrian facilities and perceived pedestrian level of service (plos): a case study of chittagong metropolitan area, Bangladesh

The promotion of active transport (a type of sustainable transportation) such as walking is a form of response against environmental pollution engendering from transport sector. Pedestrian level of service (PLOS) is a measurement tool to evaluate the degree of pedestrian accommodation on roadway to provide a comfortable and safe walking environment. The roadway characteristics-based model to measure PLOS has been widely applied since this approach is conceived as being transferable to different contexts. We present a comprehensive framework to measure the influence of pedestrian facilities on perceived PLOS qualitatively and quantitatively. We modeled triangular relationships among pedestrian facilities, perceived roadway conditions (accessibility, safety, comfort, and attractiveness), and perceived PLOS to identify pedestrian facilities, related to footpath, carriageway, and transit, influencing perceived PLOS. We developed these models for a case study of Chittagong Metropolitan Area in Bangladesh. Poor condition of pedestrian facilities in the region resulted in PLOS B as the highest tier of perceived PLOS. Findings of this study showed that accessibility and attractiveness influenced the perceived PLOS for footpath, carriageway, and transit, whereas safety is an important roadway condition for carriageway and transit facilities. We further measured the influence of 22 selected parameters of pedestrian facilities on roadway conditions and perceived PLOS. We concluded that achieving a better perceived PLOS is dependent on the availability, maintenance, and planning of different pedestrian facilities, as improper placement and poor condition of such facilities increased the probability that a lower level PLOS will be perceived.