Overview of digital security by design (DSbD) implementation for enhancing cyber resilience of interconnected onshore/offshore power grid projects

The integration of offshore power grids with onshore infrastructure presents significant cybersecurity challenges in protecting and controlling integrated energy systems. This paper presents the critical role of Digital Security by Design (DSbD) in addressing memory and software vulnerabilities by implementing new hardware architecture.
The DSbD based projects at PNDC utilised key utility protocols and standards that underpin offshore-onshore connectivity, including IEC 61850, Modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-104, Ethernet, and fibre optic communication to implement a testbed. The lessons learned and challenges of the use cases such as network complexity, scalability, security compliance, and real-time monitoring capabilities associated with integrating these systems are presented to enhance the security posture of such heterogeneous power grids.
By integrating DSbD measures from the outset, utilities can mitigate security risks and ensure the long-term resilience of future energy systems. The paper also highlights the potential benefits of emerging technologies like AI and automation, while acknowledging the need for careful implementation to avoid introducing new vulnerabilities.
Ultimately, a collaborative effort between policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers is essential to develop robust strategies, invest in research and development, and adapt regulations to secure the future of offshore power grids.