Oomycete RXLR effectors: delivery, functional redundancy and durable disease resistance

Paul RJ Birch; Petra C. Boevink; Eleanor M. Gilroy; Ingo Hein; Leighton Pritchard; Stephen C. Whisson

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2008.04.005

Oomycete RXLR effectors: delivery, functional redundancy and durable disease resistance

Paul RJ Birch^*, Petra C. Boevink, Eleanor M. Gilroy, Ingo Hein, Leighton Pritchard, Stephen C. Whisson

^*Corresponding author for this work

Strathclyde Institute Of Pharmacy And Biomedical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

140 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

To manipulate host defences, plant pathogenic oomycetes secrete and translocate RXLR effectors into plant cells. Recent reports have indicated that RXLR effectors are translocated from the extrahaustorial matrix during the biotrophic phase of infection and that they are able to suppress PAMP-triggered immunity. Oomycete genomes contain potentially hundreds of highly diverse RXLR effector genes, providing the potential for considerable functional redundancy and the consequent ability to readily shed effectors that are recognised by plant surveillance systems without compromising pathogenic fitness. Understanding how these effectors are translocated, their precise roles in virulence, and the extent to which functional redundancy exists in oomycete RXLR effector complements, are major challenges for the coming years.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	373-379
Number of pages	7
Journal	Current Opinion in Plant Biology
Volume	11
Issue number	4
Early online date	27 May 2008
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2008.04.005
Publication status	Published - 1 Aug 2008

Funding

Work conducted in PB's Laboratory is supported by the Scottish Rural and Environmental Research and Analysis Directorate, EU FP6 Bioexploit, and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.

Keywords

pathogens
RXLR effectors
plant pathogens
oomycete effector proteins

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10.1016/j.pbi.2008.04.005

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abstract = "To manipulate host defences, plant pathogenic oomycetes secrete and translocate RXLR effectors into plant cells. Recent reports have indicated that RXLR effectors are translocated from the extrahaustorial matrix during the biotrophic phase of infection and that they are able to suppress PAMP-triggered immunity. Oomycete genomes contain potentially hundreds of highly diverse RXLR effector genes, providing the potential for considerable functional redundancy and the consequent ability to readily shed effectors that are recognised by plant surveillance systems without compromising pathogenic fitness. Understanding how these effectors are translocated, their precise roles in virulence, and the extent to which functional redundancy exists in oomycete RXLR effector complements, are major challenges for the coming years.",

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AU - Gilroy, Eleanor M.

AU - Hein, Ingo

AU - Pritchard, Leighton

AU - Whisson, Stephen C.

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N2 - To manipulate host defences, plant pathogenic oomycetes secrete and translocate RXLR effectors into plant cells. Recent reports have indicated that RXLR effectors are translocated from the extrahaustorial matrix during the biotrophic phase of infection and that they are able to suppress PAMP-triggered immunity. Oomycete genomes contain potentially hundreds of highly diverse RXLR effector genes, providing the potential for considerable functional redundancy and the consequent ability to readily shed effectors that are recognised by plant surveillance systems without compromising pathogenic fitness. Understanding how these effectors are translocated, their precise roles in virulence, and the extent to which functional redundancy exists in oomycete RXLR effector complements, are major challenges for the coming years.

AB - To manipulate host defences, plant pathogenic oomycetes secrete and translocate RXLR effectors into plant cells. Recent reports have indicated that RXLR effectors are translocated from the extrahaustorial matrix during the biotrophic phase of infection and that they are able to suppress PAMP-triggered immunity. Oomycete genomes contain potentially hundreds of highly diverse RXLR effector genes, providing the potential for considerable functional redundancy and the consequent ability to readily shed effectors that are recognised by plant surveillance systems without compromising pathogenic fitness. Understanding how these effectors are translocated, their precise roles in virulence, and the extent to which functional redundancy exists in oomycete RXLR effector complements, are major challenges for the coming years.

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Oomycete RXLR effectors: delivery, functional redundancy and durable disease resistance

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