Abstract
This paper makes two new propositions regarding the modelling of rarefied (non-equilibrium), isothermal gas flows at the micro scale. The first is a new test case for benchmarking high-order, or extended, hydrodynamic models for these flows. This standing, time-varying shear wave problem does not require boundary conditions to be specified at a solid surface, so is useful for assessing whether fluid models can capture rarefaction effects in the bulk flow. We assess a number of different proposed extended hydrodynamic models, and we find the R13 equations perform the best in this case. Our second proposition is a simple technique for introducing non-equilibrium effects caused by the presence of solid surfaces into the computational fluid dynamics framework. By combining a new model for slip boundary conditions with a near-wall scaling of the Navier-Stokes constitutive relations, we obtain a model that is much more accurate at higher Knudsen numbers than the conventional second-order slip model. We show this provides good results for combined Couette/Poiseuille flow, and that the model can predict the stress/strain-rate inversion that is evident from molecular simulations. The model's generality to non-planar geometries is demonstrated by examining low-speed flow around a micro-sphere. It shows a marked improvement over conventional predictions of the drag on the sphere, although there are some questions regarding its stability at the highest Knudsen numbers.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 235-261 |
Number of pages | 27 |
Journal | Journal of Fluid Mechanics |
Volume | 604 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2008 |
Keywords
- fluid mechanics
- isothermal gas flows
- mechanical engineering
- navier-stokes