On Solving the Load Flow Problem as an Optimization Problem

The load flow problem is usually solved as a system of nonlinear equations using gradient based iterative methods. This technical note explains a way in which the load flow problem can be posed in a form of an optimization problem. The proposed formulation of the load flow problem allows a user flexibility and control over a solution e.g. enforcing bounds on variables. The proposed approach also makes it easier to identify sources of infeasibility, which otherwise are quite difficult to determine when using traditional approaches. The optimization based formulation of load flow presented in this note is implemented in an open source toolbox OATS.