Multimodal coding and strategic approach in visual working memory and ageing

The Baddeley and Hitch (1974) working memory model suggested the existence of specialised cognitive components for the processing and temporary storage of verbal and visuo-spatial information. Important links with long-term storage of information, especially regarding transfer of temporary information into long-term memory, was also assumed. Evidence has accumulated to show that multimodal coding, for example the use of verbal or semantic representations during a visual working memory task, can benefit capacity. At the same time, visual working memory is particularly age-sensitive. Individual differences in working memory task strategies are also apparent across the adult lifespan, with less diversity and efficiency in older age. In this talk I will summarise some of my research that has addressed these issues, using visual ‘matrix’ patterns that are low or high in availability of multimodal coding. While use of efficient, multimodal task strategies tends to be positively related to performance, more comprehensive research is needed on strategy use across young and older adults, and using ‘real-world’ tasks. Further development and exploration of the impacts of strategy training protocols, aimed at maximising working performance, is also required.