@inbook{2a6306962d194aebbd7167e439a1fd2c,
title = "Modified Zeolites: Pretreatment of Natural Zeolites by Use of Inorganic Salts",
abstract = "Pretreatment of natural zeolites covers a wide range of modification techniques leading in several products to a variety of applications. A very common pretreatment type is used for producing modified zeolites for use in ion exchange applications and in particular for the removal of cations from aqueous solutions. In these cases, pretreatment aims to remove certain ions from the structure of the material and locate more easily removable ones, prior to any ion exchange application. Practically, the result of any pretreatment operation is the increase of the content in a single cation, what is called homoionic form. The final homoionic or near homoionic state of the zeolites improves the effective exchange capacity and performance in ion exchange applications. ",
keywords = "breakthrough capacity, chemical treatment, effective capacity, homoionic zeolite, inorganic salts, ion exchange capacity, maximum exchange level, modification, modified zeolites, physical treatment, pretreatment",
author = "V.J. Inglezakis",
note = " Inglezakis, V.J., Papadeas, C.D., Loizidou, M.D., Grigoropoulou, H.P., Effects of pretreatment on physical and ion exchange properties of natural clinoptilolite (2001) Environmental Technology, 22, pp. 75-83; Inglezakis, V.J., Hadjiandreou, K.J., Loizidou, M.D., Grigoropoulou, H.P., Pretreatment of natural clinoptilolite in a laboratory-scale ion exchange packed bed (2001) Water Research, 35, pp. 2161-2166; Inglezakis, V.J., Loizidou, M.D., Grigoropoulou, H.P., Studies on the pretreatment of zeolite clinoptilolite in packed beds (2004) Environmental Technology, 25, pp. 133-139; Inglezakis, V.J., Design of Ion Exchange Fixed Beds by use of Natural Minerals as Packing Material (2002), PhD Thesis, National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering; Inglezakis, V.J., The concept of {"}capacity{"} in zeolite ion exchange systems (2005) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 281, pp. 68-79; Semmens, M.J., Martin, W.P., The influence of pretreatment on the capacity and selectivity of clinoptilolite for metal ions (1988) Water Research, 22, pp. 537-542; Koon, J.H., Kaufman, W.J., Ammonia removal from municipal wastewater's by ion exchange (1975) Journal WPCF, 47, pp. 448-465; Carland, R.M., Aplan, F.F., Improving the ion exchange capacity and elution of Cu2+ from natural sedimentary zeolites (1995) Mineralogical and Metallurgical Processes, 11, pp. 210-218; Klieve, J.R., Semmens, M.J., An evaluation of pretreated natural zeolites for ammonium removal (1980) Water Research, 14, pp. 161-168; Guangsheng, Z., Xingzheng, L., Guangju, L., Quanchang, Z., Removal of copper from electroplating effluents (Potch Water) using clinoptilolite (1988), pp. 529-539. , In: Occurrence, Properties and Utilization of Natural Zeolites, eds D. Kallo, H. S. Sherry, Akademiai Kiado, Budapest; Kesraoui-ouki, S., Cheeseman, C., Perry, R., Effects of conditioning and treatment of chabazite and clinoptilolite prior to lead and cadmium removal (1993) Environmental Science and Technology, 27, pp. 1108-1116; Chmielewska-horvathova, E., Lesny, J., Study of sorption equilibrium in the systems: water solutions of inorganic ions on clinoptilolite (1995) Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 201, pp. 293-301; Inglezakis, V.J., Grigoropoulou, H.P., Effects of operating conditions on the removal of heavy metals by zeolite in fixed bed reactors (2004) Journal of Hazardous Materials, 112 B, pp. 37-43; Hlavay, J., Vigh, G., Olaszi, V., Inczedy, J., Investigations on natural Hungarian zeolite for ammonium removal (1982) Water Research, 16, pp. 417-420; Inglezakis, V.J., Loizidou, M.D., Grigoropoulou, H.P., Ion exchange studies on natural and modified clinoptilolites and the concept of exchange site accessibility (2004) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 275, pp. 570-576",
year = "2012",
doi = "10.2174/978160805261511201010156",
language = "English",
isbn = "9781608054466",
pages = "156--165",
booktitle = "Handbook of Natural Zeolites",
}