Abstract
The increasing grid integration of converter- based generation and distributed resources is necessitating a review to the classical synchronous generators dominant network models, and to equip converters with the necessary control capabilities such as inertia emulation and black-start to carry on the required ancillary services provision. This paper proposes a modified grid-forming converter control technique based on virtual synchronous machine (VSM). The modified controller uses a ramping voltage reference to achieve soft transformer energization and eliminate high-magnitude inrush current that can traditionally exceed converters rating. Grid-synchronizing functionality is added to the VSM controller to achieve smooth transition from black-start to grid-connected mode while maintaining grid-forming operation. This is achieved by gradually adjusting the power loop reference through a dedicated synchronizing controller, which is disconnected once grid-connection is achieved. A MATLAB/ Simulink case study is presented to illustrate the controller performance with a 40 MVA simulated converter. The results demonstrate successful black-start sequence execution, starting by soft transformer energization, followed by a block load pickup and grid-synchronization. The sequence is achieved with minimal transformer inrush current, and with seamless transition to the grid-connected operating mode.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Title of host publication | 2021 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC) |
Place of Publication | Piscataway, NJ |
Publisher | IEEE |
Pages | 1-5 |
Number of pages | 5 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9781665443890 |
ISBN (Print) | 9781665443906 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 30 Sept 2021 |
Event | 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, UPEC 2021 - Virtual, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom Duration: 31 Aug 2021 → 3 Sept 2021 |
Conference
Conference | 56th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, UPEC 2021 |
---|---|
Country/Territory | United Kingdom |
City | Virtual, Middlesbrough |
Period | 31/08/21 → 3/09/21 |
Keywords
- power engineering
- matched filters
- software packages
- emulation
- transformers
- synchronous generators
- synchronization