Abstract
| Language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages | 3773-3780 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Lightwave Technology |
| Volume | 33 |
| Issue number | 18 |
| Early online date | 10 Jun 2015 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 15 Sep 2015 |
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Keywords
- miniaturized fiber optic sensor
- 3D printed photoacoustic trace gas sensor
- raman fiber amplifier system
- SBS suppression
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Miniaturized photoacoustic trace gas sensing using a raman fiber amplifier. / Bauer, Ralf; Legg, Thomas; Mitchell, David; Flockhart, Gordon M. H.; Stewart, George; Johnstone, Walter; Lengden, Michael.
In: Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 33, No. 18, 15.09.2015, p. 3773-3780.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Miniaturized photoacoustic trace gas sensing using a raman fiber amplifier
AU - Bauer, Ralf
AU - Legg, Thomas
AU - Mitchell, David
AU - Flockhart, Gordon M. H.
AU - Stewart, George
AU - Johnstone, Walter
AU - Lengden, Michael
PY - 2015/9/15
Y1 - 2015/9/15
N2 - This paper presents the development of a Raman fiber amplifier optical source with a maximum output power of 1.1 W centered around 1651 nm, and its application in miniaturized 3D printed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) trace gas sensing of methane. The Raman amplifier has been constructed using 4.5 km of dispersion shifted fiber, a 1651 nm DFB seed laser and a commercial 4W EDFA pump. The suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) using a high frequency modulation of the seed laser is investigated for a range of frequencies, leading to an increase in optical output power of the amplifier and reduction of its noise content. The amplifier output was used as the source for a miniature PAS sensor by applying a second modulation to the seed laser at the resonant frequency of 15.2 kHz of the miniature 3D printed gas cell. For the targeted methane absorption line at 6057 cm-1 the sensor system performance and influence of the SBS suppression is characterized, leading to a detection limit (1σ) of 17 ppb methane for a signal acquisition time of 130 s, with a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 4.1•10-9 cm-1 W Hz-1/2 for the system.
AB - This paper presents the development of a Raman fiber amplifier optical source with a maximum output power of 1.1 W centered around 1651 nm, and its application in miniaturized 3D printed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) trace gas sensing of methane. The Raman amplifier has been constructed using 4.5 km of dispersion shifted fiber, a 1651 nm DFB seed laser and a commercial 4W EDFA pump. The suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) using a high frequency modulation of the seed laser is investigated for a range of frequencies, leading to an increase in optical output power of the amplifier and reduction of its noise content. The amplifier output was used as the source for a miniature PAS sensor by applying a second modulation to the seed laser at the resonant frequency of 15.2 kHz of the miniature 3D printed gas cell. For the targeted methane absorption line at 6057 cm-1 the sensor system performance and influence of the SBS suppression is characterized, leading to a detection limit (1σ) of 17 ppb methane for a signal acquisition time of 130 s, with a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 4.1•10-9 cm-1 W Hz-1/2 for the system.
KW - miniaturized fiber optic sensor
KW - 3D printed photoacoustic trace gas sensor
KW - raman fiber amplifier system
KW - SBS suppression
UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=50
U2 - 10.1109/JLT.2015.2443377
DO - 10.1109/JLT.2015.2443377
M3 - Article
VL - 33
SP - 3773
EP - 3780
JO - Journal of Lightwave Technology
T2 - Journal of Lightwave Technology
JF - Journal of Lightwave Technology
SN - 0733-8724
IS - 18
ER -