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Abstract
This article presents a low-hardware consumption, resolution-configurable, automatically calibrating gray code oscillator time-to-digital converter (TDC) in Xilinx 16-nm UltraScale+, 20-nm UltraScale and 28-nm Virtex-7 field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The proposed TDC utilizes look-up tables as delay elements and has several innovations: 1) a sampling matrix structure to improve the resolution, 2) a virtual bin calibration method (VBCM) to achieve configurable resolutions and automatic calibration, and 3) hardware implementation of the VBCM in standard FPGA devices. We implemented and evaluated a 16-channel TDC system in all three FPGAs. The UltraScale+ version achieved the best resolution (least significant bit, LSB) of 20.97 ps with 0.09 LSB averaged peak-to-peak differential nonlinearity (DNLpk-pk). The UltraScale and Virtex-7 versions achieved the best resolutions of 36.01 ps with 0.10 LSB averaged DNLpk-pk and 34.84 ps with 0.08 LSB averaged DNLpk-pk, respectively.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 4256-4266 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics |
Volume | 70 |
Issue number | 4 |
Early online date | 17 May 2022 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Apr 2023 |
Keywords
- gray code oscillator (GCO)
- field programmable gate array (FPGA)
- low hardware consumption
- automatic calibration
- resolution-adjustable
- time-to-digital converter (TDC)
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Dive into the research topics of 'Low hardware consumption, resolution-configurable gray code oscillator time-to- digital converters implemented in 16nm, 20nm and 28nm FPGAs'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
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SPRINT: A SuPer-Resolution time-resolved ImagiNg and specTroscopy facility for rapid biomolecular analysis
Li, D. (Principal Investigator), Chamberlain, L. (Co-investigator), Chen, Y. (Co-investigator), Cunningham, M. R. (Co-investigator), Gould, G. (Co-investigator), Hoskisson, P. (Co-investigator), McConnell, G. (Co-investigator), Rattray, Z. (Co-investigator) & Van de Linde, S. (Co-investigator)
BBSRC (Biotech & Biological Sciences Research Council)
1/07/21 → 31/05/23
Project: Research