Identifying grid-connected converters behaviour based on current and voltage source characteristic

Yazan Qiblawey; Agusti Egea-Alvarez; Khaled H. Ahmed; Cornel Brozio; Abdulrahman Alassi

doi:10.1109/egrid63452.2025.11255505

Identifying grid-connected converters behaviour based on current and voltage source characteristic

Yazan Qiblawey, Agusti Egea-Alvarez, Khaled H. Ahmed, Cornel Brozio, Abdulrahman Alassi

Electronic And Electrical Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution book

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Abstract

The integration of renewable generation into the existing power grid heavily relies on converter-based technologies. The increasing penetration of Inverter-Based renewable sources (IBRs) in the network impacts system stability, necessitating the development of new grid codes and industrial practices. IBRs are typically classified into Grid-Forming (GFM) and Grid-Following (GFL) control approaches, with grid codes approximating these controllers’ behaviours as voltage and current sources, respectively. Furthermore, identifying the control type of Electromagnetic Transients (EMT) vendor models is challenging using frequency-domain analysis. This paper proposes a method to assess converter characteristics by comparing the ideal voltage and current source behaviours using the time-domain response of converters. The results provide a clear methodology for characterizing GFM and GFL converters using time-domain signals alone, employing a fixed 5ms window to analyse transient behaviour.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)
Place of Publication	Piscataay, NJ
Publisher	IEEE
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331593643
ISBN (Print)	9798331593650
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/egrid63452.2025.11255505
Publication status	Published - 25 Nov 2025
Event	10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid - University of Strathclyde Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom Duration: 30 Sept 2025 → 2 Oct 2025 https://2025.ieee-egrid.org/

Publication series

Name	IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)
ISSN (Print)	2831-364X
ISSN (Electronic)	2831-3658

Workshop

Workshop	10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid
Abbreviated title	eGrid 2025
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	Glasgow
Period	30/09/25 → 2/10/25
Internet address	https://2025.ieee-egrid.org/

Funding

This publication is supported by Iberdrola S.A. as part of its innovation department research studies. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of Iberdrola Group. Agusti Egea-Alvarez was supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering and ScottishPower Energy Networks under the Industrial Fellowships program, under Grant IF2223-169

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

inverter-based resources
converter stability
grid-forming control
grid-following control

Access to Document

10.1109/egrid63452.2025.11255505

Qiblawey-etal-IEEE-eGRID-2025-Identifying-grid-connected-converters-behaviourAccepted author manuscript, 833 KBLicence: CC BY 4.0

Cite this

@inproceedings{937ce73ca28f4ae592be7ad1cfb208ae,

title = "Identifying grid-connected converters behaviour based on current and voltage source characteristic",

abstract = "The integration of renewable generation into the existing power grid heavily relies on converter-based technologies. The increasing penetration of Inverter-Based renewable sources (IBRs) in the network impacts system stability, necessitating the development of new grid codes and industrial practices. IBRs are typically classified into Grid-Forming (GFM) and Grid-Following (GFL) control approaches, with grid codes approximating these controllers{\textquoteright} behaviours as voltage and current sources, respectively. Furthermore, identifying the control type of Electromagnetic Transients (EMT) vendor models is challenging using frequency-domain analysis. This paper proposes a method to assess converter characteristics by comparing the ideal voltage and current source behaviours using the time-domain response of converters. The results provide a clear methodology for characterizing GFM and GFL converters using time-domain signals alone, employing a fixed 5ms window to analyse transient behaviour.",

keywords = "inverter-based resources, converter stability, grid-forming control, grid-following control",

author = "Yazan Qiblawey and Agusti Egea-Alvarez and Ahmed, \{Khaled H.\} and Cornel Brozio and Abdulrahman Alassi",

year = "2025",

month = nov,

day = "25",

doi = "10.1109/egrid63452.2025.11255505",

language = "English",

isbn = "9798331593650",

series = "IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)",

publisher = "IEEE",

booktitle = "2025 10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)",

note = "10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid, eGrid 2025 ; Conference date: 30-09-2025 Through 02-10-2025",

url = "https://2025.ieee-egrid.org/",

}

Qiblawey, Y , Egea-Alvarez, A , Ahmed, KH, Brozio, C & Alassi, A 2025, Identifying grid-connected converters behaviour based on current and voltage source characteristic. in 2025 10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID). IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid), IEEE, Piscataay, NJ, 10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 30/09/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/egrid63452.2025.11255505

Identifying grid-connected converters behaviour based on current and voltage source characteristic. / Qiblawey, Yazan ; Egea-Alvarez, Agusti ; Ahmed, Khaled H. et al.
2025 10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID). Piscataay, NJ: IEEE, 2025. (IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution book

TY - GEN

T1 - Identifying grid-connected converters behaviour based on current and voltage source characteristic

AU - Qiblawey, Yazan

AU - Egea-Alvarez, Agusti

AU - Ahmed, Khaled H.

AU - Brozio, Cornel

AU - Alassi, Abdulrahman

PY - 2025/11/25

Y1 - 2025/11/25

N2 - The integration of renewable generation into the existing power grid heavily relies on converter-based technologies. The increasing penetration of Inverter-Based renewable sources (IBRs) in the network impacts system stability, necessitating the development of new grid codes and industrial practices. IBRs are typically classified into Grid-Forming (GFM) and Grid-Following (GFL) control approaches, with grid codes approximating these controllers’ behaviours as voltage and current sources, respectively. Furthermore, identifying the control type of Electromagnetic Transients (EMT) vendor models is challenging using frequency-domain analysis. This paper proposes a method to assess converter characteristics by comparing the ideal voltage and current source behaviours using the time-domain response of converters. The results provide a clear methodology for characterizing GFM and GFL converters using time-domain signals alone, employing a fixed 5ms window to analyse transient behaviour.

AB - The integration of renewable generation into the existing power grid heavily relies on converter-based technologies. The increasing penetration of Inverter-Based renewable sources (IBRs) in the network impacts system stability, necessitating the development of new grid codes and industrial practices. IBRs are typically classified into Grid-Forming (GFM) and Grid-Following (GFL) control approaches, with grid codes approximating these controllers’ behaviours as voltage and current sources, respectively. Furthermore, identifying the control type of Electromagnetic Transients (EMT) vendor models is challenging using frequency-domain analysis. This paper proposes a method to assess converter characteristics by comparing the ideal voltage and current source behaviours using the time-domain response of converters. The results provide a clear methodology for characterizing GFM and GFL converters using time-domain signals alone, employing a fixed 5ms window to analyse transient behaviour.

KW - inverter-based resources

KW - converter stability

KW - grid-forming control

KW - grid-following control

UR - https://doi.org/10.17868/strath.00094930

U2 - 10.1109/egrid63452.2025.11255505

DO - 10.1109/egrid63452.2025.11255505

M3 - Conference contribution book

SN - 9798331593650

T3 - IEEE Electronic Power Grid (eGrid)

BT - 2025 10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid (eGRID)

PB - IEEE

CY - Piscataay, NJ

T2 - 10th IEEE Workshop on the Electronic Grid

Y2 - 30 September 2025 through 2 October 2025

ER -

Identifying grid-connected converters behaviour based on current and voltage source characteristic

Abstract

Publication series

Workshop

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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