Hydrogen Bonding Is Not Everything: Extensive Polymorphism in a System with Conserved Hydrogen Bonded Synthons

Katharina Fucke, Naseem Qureshi, Dmitry S. Yufit, Judith A. K. Howard, Jonathan W. Steed

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

30 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A simple N,N′-diaryl urea derivative was found to form four different anhydrous crystal forms (I−IV°), which can be crystallized in pure form by several techniques from solution as well as from the melt. These polymorphs were characterized by thermomicroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The polymorphs were found to be purely monotropically related with large differences in their heats of fusion (11.1 kJ mol−1 for the least stable form I, 34.5 kJ mol−1 for the most stable form IV°). The crystal structures of all forms show the same conformer for forms I−III and a second conformer in form IV°. However, the hydrogen bonding motifs in all of the polymorphs are the same and thus the compound can be seen as a model for the importance of the entire crystal packing arrangement to the overall energy and stability of the crystal form, as opposed to just a few dominant interactions.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)880-886
Number of pages7
JournalCrystal Growth and Design
Volume10
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 19 Nov 2009

Keywords

  • crystal structure
  • crystallization
  • crystals
  • melting
  • modification

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