Abstract
—Human survival largely depends on potable water quality. This study used current analytical procedures and compared with the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) drinking water specification to evaluate the physio-chemical and microbiological characteristics of fifteen packaged water brands that are available locally. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine trace metals while instrumental techniques determined the physical and chemical parameters. The evaluation focused on the pH, colour, total dissolved solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, fluoride, chloride, iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium. In all the samples examined, chromium, manganese, cadmium, and copper were not detected. However, total bacterial counts were discovered in samples (S1, S2, S3, B1 and B2) with values of 2, 3, 5, 3 and 1 cfu/100 ml, respectively. Packaged water containing these type and quantity of bacteria are not fit for consumption by human beings. It requires the most appropriate techniques for processing.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1552-1560 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Engineering Letters |
| Volume | 29 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| Publication status | Published - 22 Nov 2021 |
Funding
This work was supported Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) under BOLD REFRESH GRANT 2021; the authors also would like to acknowledge the staff and management of Department of Civil Engineering, A.T.B.U. Bauchi, Nigeria, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia and Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Malaysia on their technical and financial support, supervision, monitoring, and encouragement.
Keywords
- contamination
- packaged water
- total bacterial count
- trace metals
- turbidity