Evaluation of delay time in PMU prototypes for hardware-in-the-loop testing

Guglielmo Frigo; Zhiwang Feng; Yljon Seferi; Graeme Burt

doi:10.1109/AMPS66841.2025.11219909

Evaluation of delay time in PMU prototypes for hardware-in-the-loop testing

Guglielmo Frigo
, Zhiwang Feng
, Yljon Seferi
, Graeme Burt

Electronic And Electrical Engineering

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution book

1 Citation (Scopus)

6 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

In power system control, the responsiveness of the measurement infrastructure can be assessed by means of several metrics. Technical specifications and product standards have introduced performance metrics such as delay time, which should account for the time necessary to react to a sudden change in the input signal. On the other hand, the trustworthiness of the measurement result should be evaluated also during abnormal conditions. In this paper, we consider two different implementations of a PMU prototype, and we assess its responsiveness in terms of two metrics: delay time and trustworthiness. To this end, we characterized the two PMU implementations by means of extensive simulated and hardware-in-the-loop tests. The preliminary results confirm that the combination of delay time and trustworthiness metrics represent a valuable input for setting up more robust and effective control routines.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE 15th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)
Place of Publication	Piscataway, NJ
Publisher	IEEE
Pages	1-6
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	978-1-6654-7765-9
ISBN (Print)	978-1-6654-7766-6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS66841.2025.11219909
Publication status	Published - 3 Nov 2025
Event	15th IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems - University Politehnica of Bucharest , Bucharest, Romania Duration: 24 Sept 2025 → 26 Sept 2025 https://amps2025.ieee-ims.org/

Publication series

Name	IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)
ISSN (Print)	2473-1315
ISSN (Electronic)	2475-2304

Workshop

Workshop	15th IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems
Abbreviated title	AMPS 2025
Country/Territory	Romania
City	Bucharest
Period	24/09/25 → 26/09/25
Internet address	https://amps2025.ieee-ims.org/

Funding

The work is partly funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy through QUINPORTION Research Program under Grant SI/502415, and is partly supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement No. 870620 in the ERIGrid 2.0 project.

Keywords

phasor measurement unit (PMU)
hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)
delay time
trustworthiness
definitional uncertainty

Access to Document

10.1109/AMPS66841.2025.11219909

Frigo-etal-IEEE-AMPS-2025-Evaluation-of-delay-time-in-PMU-prototypesAccepted author manuscript, 15 MBLicence: CC BY 4.0

Cite this

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title = "Evaluation of delay time in PMU prototypes for hardware-in-the-loop testing",

abstract = "In power system control, the responsiveness of the measurement infrastructure can be assessed by means of several metrics. Technical specifications and product standards have introduced performance metrics such as delay time, which should account for the time necessary to react to a sudden change in the input signal. On the other hand, the trustworthiness of the measurement result should be evaluated also during abnormal conditions. In this paper, we consider two different implementations of a PMU prototype, and we assess its responsiveness in terms of two metrics: delay time and trustworthiness. To this end, we characterized the two PMU implementations by means of extensive simulated and hardware-in-the-loop tests. The preliminary results confirm that the combination of delay time and trustworthiness metrics represent a valuable input for setting up more robust and effective control routines.",

keywords = "phasor measurement unit (PMU), hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), delay time, trustworthiness, definitional uncertainty",

author = "Guglielmo Frigo and Zhiwang Feng and Yljon Seferi and Graeme Burt",

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pages = "1--6",

booktitle = "2025 IEEE 15th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)",

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Frigo, G, Feng, Z, Seferi, Y & Burt, G 2025, Evaluation of delay time in PMU prototypes for hardware-in-the-loop testing. in 2025 IEEE 15th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS). IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS), IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 1-6, 15th IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems, Bucharest, Romania, 24/09/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS66841.2025.11219909

Evaluation of delay time in PMU prototypes for hardware-in-the-loop testing. / Frigo, Guglielmo; Feng, Zhiwang; Seferi, Yljon et al.
2025 IEEE 15th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2025. p. 1-6 (IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution book

TY - GEN

T1 - Evaluation of delay time in PMU prototypes for hardware-in-the-loop testing

AU - Frigo, Guglielmo

AU - Feng, Zhiwang

AU - Seferi, Yljon

AU - Burt, Graeme

PY - 2025/11/3

Y1 - 2025/11/3

N2 - In power system control, the responsiveness of the measurement infrastructure can be assessed by means of several metrics. Technical specifications and product standards have introduced performance metrics such as delay time, which should account for the time necessary to react to a sudden change in the input signal. On the other hand, the trustworthiness of the measurement result should be evaluated also during abnormal conditions. In this paper, we consider two different implementations of a PMU prototype, and we assess its responsiveness in terms of two metrics: delay time and trustworthiness. To this end, we characterized the two PMU implementations by means of extensive simulated and hardware-in-the-loop tests. The preliminary results confirm that the combination of delay time and trustworthiness metrics represent a valuable input for setting up more robust and effective control routines.

AB - In power system control, the responsiveness of the measurement infrastructure can be assessed by means of several metrics. Technical specifications and product standards have introduced performance metrics such as delay time, which should account for the time necessary to react to a sudden change in the input signal. On the other hand, the trustworthiness of the measurement result should be evaluated also during abnormal conditions. In this paper, we consider two different implementations of a PMU prototype, and we assess its responsiveness in terms of two metrics: delay time and trustworthiness. To this end, we characterized the two PMU implementations by means of extensive simulated and hardware-in-the-loop tests. The preliminary results confirm that the combination of delay time and trustworthiness metrics represent a valuable input for setting up more robust and effective control routines.

KW - phasor measurement unit (PMU)

KW - hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)

KW - delay time

KW - trustworthiness

KW - definitional uncertainty

UR - https://doi.org/10.17868/strath.00093681

U2 - 10.1109/AMPS66841.2025.11219909

DO - 10.1109/AMPS66841.2025.11219909

M3 - Conference contribution book

SN - 978-1-6654-7766-6

T3 - IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)

SP - 1

EP - 6

BT - 2025 IEEE 15th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)

PB - IEEE

CY - Piscataway, NJ

T2 - 15th IEEE International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems

Y2 - 24 September 2025 through 26 September 2025

ER -

Evaluation of delay time in PMU prototypes for hardware-in-the-loop testing

Abstract

Publication series

Workshop

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

QUINPORTION: Quantification of Inertia on Electrical Power Systems to Support Integration of Renewables (QUINPORTION)

ERIGrid 2.0: European Research Infrastructure supporting Smart Grid and Smart Energy Systems Research, Technology Development, Validation and Roll Out – Second Edition

ERIGRID ll_ European Research Infrastructure supporting Smart Grid and Smart Energy Systems Research, Technology Development (H2020 INFRA IA)

Dynamic Power Systems Laboratory

Characterization of PMU delay time: standard approaches and on-line metric validation

Hardware-in-the-loop validation of PMU-based metrics for transmission network analysis

Quantification of Inertia on Electrical Power Systems to Support Integration of Renewables (QUINPORTION)

Guglielmo Frigo

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Evaluation of delay time in PMU prototypes for hardware-in-the-loop testing

Abstract

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Fingerprint

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