Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing and there is widespread perception that e-cigs are safe. E-cigs contain harmful chemicals; more research is needed to evaluate the safety of e-cig use. Our aim was to investigate the effects of e-cigs on the inflammatory response of human neutrophils.
Methods
Neutrophils were exposed to e-cig vapour extract (ECVE) and the expression of CD11b and CD66b was measured by flow cytometry and MMP-9 and CXCL8 by ELISA. We also measured the activity of neutrophil elastase (NE) and MMP-9, along with the activation of inflammatory signalling pathways. Finally we analysed the biochemical composition of ECVE by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.
Results
ECVE caused an increase in the expression of CD11b and CD66b, and increased the release of MMP-9 and CXCL8. Furthermore, there was an increase in NE and MMP-9 activity and an increase in p38 MAPK activation. We also identified several harmful chemicals in ECVE, including known carcinogens.
Conclusions
ECVE causes a pro-inflammatory response from human neutrophils. This raises concerns over the safety of e-cig use.
| Language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 56 |
| Number of pages | 11 |
| Journal | Respiratory Research |
| Volume | 17 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 17 May 2016 |
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Keywords
- electronic cigarettes
- COPD
- inflammation
- smoking
- neutrophils
- MMP-9
Cite this
}
Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses. / Higham, Andrew; Rattray, Nicholas J. W.; Dewhurst, Jennfier A.; Trivedi, Drupad K.; Fowler, Stephen J.; Goodacre, Royston; Singh, Dave.
In: Respiratory Research, Vol. 17, 56, 17.05.2016.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Electronic cigarette exposure triggers neutrophil inflammatory responses
AU - Higham, Andrew
AU - Rattray, Nicholas J. W.
AU - Dewhurst, Jennfier A.
AU - Trivedi, Drupad K.
AU - Fowler, Stephen J.
AU - Goodacre, Royston
AU - Singh, Dave
PY - 2016/5/17
Y1 - 2016/5/17
N2 - BackgroundThe use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing and there is widespread perception that e-cigs are safe. E-cigs contain harmful chemicals; more research is needed to evaluate the safety of e-cig use. Our aim was to investigate the effects of e-cigs on the inflammatory response of human neutrophils.MethodsNeutrophils were exposed to e-cig vapour extract (ECVE) and the expression of CD11b and CD66b was measured by flow cytometry and MMP-9 and CXCL8 by ELISA. We also measured the activity of neutrophil elastase (NE) and MMP-9, along with the activation of inflammatory signalling pathways. Finally we analysed the biochemical composition of ECVE by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.ResultsECVE caused an increase in the expression of CD11b and CD66b, and increased the release of MMP-9 and CXCL8. Furthermore, there was an increase in NE and MMP-9 activity and an increase in p38 MAPK activation. We also identified several harmful chemicals in ECVE, including known carcinogens.ConclusionsECVE causes a pro-inflammatory response from human neutrophils. This raises concerns over the safety of e-cig use.
AB - BackgroundThe use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing and there is widespread perception that e-cigs are safe. E-cigs contain harmful chemicals; more research is needed to evaluate the safety of e-cig use. Our aim was to investigate the effects of e-cigs on the inflammatory response of human neutrophils.MethodsNeutrophils were exposed to e-cig vapour extract (ECVE) and the expression of CD11b and CD66b was measured by flow cytometry and MMP-9 and CXCL8 by ELISA. We also measured the activity of neutrophil elastase (NE) and MMP-9, along with the activation of inflammatory signalling pathways. Finally we analysed the biochemical composition of ECVE by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.ResultsECVE caused an increase in the expression of CD11b and CD66b, and increased the release of MMP-9 and CXCL8. Furthermore, there was an increase in NE and MMP-9 activity and an increase in p38 MAPK activation. We also identified several harmful chemicals in ECVE, including known carcinogens.ConclusionsECVE causes a pro-inflammatory response from human neutrophils. This raises concerns over the safety of e-cig use.
KW - electronic cigarettes
KW - COPD
KW - inflammation
KW - smoking
KW - neutrophils
KW - MMP-9
U2 - 10.1186/s12931-016-0368-x
DO - 10.1186/s12931-016-0368-x
M3 - Article
VL - 17
JO - Respiratory Research
T2 - Respiratory Research
JF - Respiratory Research
SN - 1465-9921
M1 - 56
ER -