Dynamic response characteristics of floating offshore photovoltaic systems with anchor position deviations under extreme environmental conditions

Floating offshore photovoltaic (FOPV) systems are key technologies for harnessing offshore solar resources, playing a crucial role in mitigating global climate change. Anchoring systems, essential components of FOPV systems, ensure operational safety by limiting floating body's displacement. However, factors such as positioning errors, uneven seabed, and inhomogeneous loads make it challenging to install anchors exactly at their designed locations. These deviations can significantly alter the system's dynamic responses, particularly under extreme environmental conditions, posing potential safety risks. This study aims to explore the dynamic response characteristics of FOPV systems with varying anchor position deviations under extreme sea states, offering valuable insights for system design. First, a coupled numerical model is developed to capture interactions between multiple modules and their mooring lines. Then, the effects of anchor offset distance, direction, relative position, and the incident direction of sea loads on modules motion and mooring tension are discussed. The results indicate that anchor deviations along the mooring projection direction significantly affect the maximum horizontal motion, maximum mooring tension, and minimum mooring safety coefficient, while the maximum heave motion remains largely unaffected. Additionally, when the displaced anchor and the direction of environmental loads acting on the FOPV system are on the same side, the system's maximum dynamic responses are significantly higher compared to those due to the displaced anchor on the leeward side.