Abstract
Measuring fluorescence lifetimes of fast-moving cells or particles have broad applications in biomedical sciences. This paper presents a dynamic fluorescence lifetime sensing (DFLS) system based on the time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) principle. It integrates a CMOS 192 × 128 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array, offering an enormous photon-counting throughput without pile-up effects. We also proposed a quantized convolutional neural network (QCNN) algorithm and designed a field-programmable gate array embedded processor for fluorescence lifetime determinations. The processor uses a simple architecture, showing unparallel advantages in accuracy, analysis speed, and power consumption. It can resolve fluorescence lifetimes against disturbing noise. We evaluated the DFLS system using fluorescence dyes and fluorophore-tagged microspheres. The system can effectively measure fluorescence lifetimes within a single exposure period of the SPAD sensor, paving the way for portable time-resolved devices and shows potential in various applications.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 3450-3462 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Biomedical Optics Express |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 6 |
Early online date | 17 May 2021 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jun 2021 |
Keywords
- fluorescence lifetime
- dynamic fluorescence lifetime sensing (DFLS)
- quantized convolutional neural network (QCNN)