Dye-sensitised solar cells

This chapter gives a systematic account of state-of-the-art dye-sensitised solar cells by considering each of the main components of the cell in turn: the transparent conducting substrate; the mesoporous metal oxide; the sensitiser dye; the solid or liquid state hole transporting medium; and the counter electrode. The key aspects of each of these components are discussed in the context of the efficiency, stability and fabrication of dye-sensitised solar cells. We describe methodologies for the scale-up of devices into modules and give representative examples of current commercialisation activities and the markets addressed.