DC-to-DC converters with continuous input and output power

This paper presents three topological classes of dc-to-dc converters, totaling nine converters (each class with three buck, boost, and buck-boost voltage transfer function topologies), which offer continuous input and output energy flow, applicable and mandatory for renewable energy source, maximum power point tracking and maximum source energy extraction. A current sourcing output caters for converter module output parallel connection. The first class of three topologies employs both series input and output inductance, while anomalously the other two classes of six related topologies employ only either series input (three topologies) or series output (three topologies) inductance. All nine converter topologies employ the same elements, while additional load shunting capacitance creates a voltage sourcing output. Converter time-domain simulations and experimental results for the converters support and extol the concepts and analysis presented.