Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water

Momchil Terziev; Muhammad  Iqbal; Yujia Wei; Atilla Incecik

doi:10.48607/316

Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water

Momchil Terziev, Muhammad Iqbal, Yujia Wei, Atilla Incecik

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution book

Abstract

Ship squat in confined waters is of critical importance for safe and efficient operations. However, little is known about the relationship between the magnitude of the maximum squat and the resistance, and if it is possible to reduce squat by imposing changes in trim through variations in the position of the centre of gravity of a ship. The present paper investigates these questions through the use of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes modelling, applied to the KRISO container ship at a scale of 1:75. It is found that at the low speed investigated of F_h=0.303, the dynamic trim is dominated by the initial assignment and changes in sinkage are responsible for a complex behaviour exhibited by the total resistance. The set of optimum values expressing the trade-off between squat and resistance is found to be such that higher squat values are predicted to be able to improve resistance at the investigated speed.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	7th MASHCON International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with non-exclusive focus on clean power in shallow water
Subtitle of host publication	Conference program and proceedings
Editors	Katrien Eloot, Jeroen Verwilligen, Steve Claes, Guillaume Delefortrie, Evert Lataire
Place of Publication	Antwerp
Pages	202-212
Number of pages	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.48607/316
Publication status	Published - 21 May 2025
Event	7th International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water - Bruges, Belgium Duration: 18 May 2025 → 21 May 2025 https://www.waterbouwkundiglaboratorium.be/en/conferences/7th-mashcon-clean-power-in-shallow-water-2025

Conference

Conference	7th International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water
Abbreviated title	7th MASHCON
Country/Territory	Belgium
City	Bruges
Period	18/05/25 → 21/05/25
Internet address	https://www.waterbouwkundiglaboratorium.be/en/conferences/7th-mashcon-clean-power-in-shallow-water-2025

Keywords

ship squat
container ship
confined waters
centre of gravity
Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes modelling

Access to Document

10.48607/316Licence: CC BY 4.0

Terziev-etal-MASHCON-2025-Computational-modelling-of-squat-and-resistance-optimisation-in-fully-confined-waterFinal published version, 1.03 MBLicence: CC BY 4.0

Cite this

Terziev, M., Iqbal, M., Wei, Y., & Incecik, A. (2025). Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water. In K. Eloot, J. Verwilligen, S. Claes, G. Delefortrie, & E. Lataire (Eds.), 7th MASHCON International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with non-exclusive focus on clean power in shallow water: Conference program and proceedings (pp. 202-212). https://doi.org/10.48607/316

Terziev, Momchil ; Iqbal, Muhammad ; Wei, Yujia et al. / Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water. 7th MASHCON International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with non-exclusive focus on clean power in shallow water: Conference program and proceedings. editor / Katrien Eloot ; Jeroen Verwilligen ; Steve Claes ; Guillaume Delefortrie ; Evert Lataire. Antwerp, 2025. pp. 202-212

@inproceedings{76b3a386121f42e381ea2553234f1a28,

title = "Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water",

abstract = "Ship squat in confined waters is of critical importance for safe and efficient operations. However, little is known about the relationship between the magnitude of the maximum squat and the resistance, and if it is possible to reduce squat by imposing changes in trim through variations in the position of the centre of gravity of a ship. The present paper investigates these questions through the use of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes modelling, applied to the KRISO container ship at a scale of 1:75. It is found that at the low speed investigated of F_h=0.303, the dynamic trim is dominated by the initial assignment and changes in sinkage are responsible for a complex behaviour exhibited by the total resistance. The set of optimum values expressing the trade-off between squat and resistance is found to be such that higher squat values are predicted to be able to improve resistance at the investigated speed.",

keywords = "ship squat, container ship, confined waters, centre of gravity, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes modelling",

author = "Momchil Terziev and Muhammad Iqbal and Yujia Wei and Atilla Incecik",

year = "2025",

month = may,

day = "21",

doi = "10.48607/316",

language = "English",

pages = "202--212",

editor = "Katrien Eloot and Jeroen Verwilligen and Steve Claes and Guillaume Delefortrie and Evert Lataire",

booktitle = "7th MASHCON International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with non-exclusive focus on clean power in shallow water",

note = "7th International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water , 7th MASHCON ; Conference date: 18-05-2025 Through 21-05-2025",

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}

Terziev, M, Iqbal, M, Wei, Y & Incecik, A 2025, Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water. in K Eloot, J Verwilligen, S Claes, G Delefortrie & E Lataire (eds), 7th MASHCON International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with non-exclusive focus on clean power in shallow water: Conference program and proceedings. Antwerp, pp. 202-212, 7th International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water , Bruges, Belgium, 18/05/25. https://doi.org/10.48607/316

Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water. / Terziev, Momchil; Iqbal, Muhammad ; Wei, Yujia et al.
7th MASHCON International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with non-exclusive focus on clean power in shallow water: Conference program and proceedings. ed. / Katrien Eloot; Jeroen Verwilligen; Steve Claes; Guillaume Delefortrie; Evert Lataire. Antwerp, 2025. p. 202-212.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution book

TY - GEN

T1 - Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water

AU - Terziev, Momchil

AU - Iqbal, Muhammad

AU - Wei, Yujia

AU - Incecik, Atilla

PY - 2025/5/21

Y1 - 2025/5/21

N2 - Ship squat in confined waters is of critical importance for safe and efficient operations. However, little is known about the relationship between the magnitude of the maximum squat and the resistance, and if it is possible to reduce squat by imposing changes in trim through variations in the position of the centre of gravity of a ship. The present paper investigates these questions through the use of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes modelling, applied to the KRISO container ship at a scale of 1:75. It is found that at the low speed investigated of F_h=0.303, the dynamic trim is dominated by the initial assignment and changes in sinkage are responsible for a complex behaviour exhibited by the total resistance. The set of optimum values expressing the trade-off between squat and resistance is found to be such that higher squat values are predicted to be able to improve resistance at the investigated speed.

AB - Ship squat in confined waters is of critical importance for safe and efficient operations. However, little is known about the relationship between the magnitude of the maximum squat and the resistance, and if it is possible to reduce squat by imposing changes in trim through variations in the position of the centre of gravity of a ship. The present paper investigates these questions through the use of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes modelling, applied to the KRISO container ship at a scale of 1:75. It is found that at the low speed investigated of F_h=0.303, the dynamic trim is dominated by the initial assignment and changes in sinkage are responsible for a complex behaviour exhibited by the total resistance. The set of optimum values expressing the trade-off between squat and resistance is found to be such that higher squat values are predicted to be able to improve resistance at the investigated speed.

KW - ship squat

KW - container ship

KW - confined waters

KW - centre of gravity

KW - Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes modelling

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U2 - 10.48607/316

DO - 10.48607/316

M3 - Conference contribution book

SP - 202

EP - 212

BT - 7th MASHCON International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with non-exclusive focus on clean power in shallow water

A2 - Eloot, Katrien

A2 - Verwilligen, Jeroen

A2 - Claes, Steve

A2 - Delefortrie, Guillaume

A2 - Lataire, Evert

CY - Antwerp

T2 - 7th International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water

Y2 - 18 May 2025 through 21 May 2025

ER -

Terziev M, Iqbal M, Wei Y, Incecik A. Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water. In Eloot K, Verwilligen J, Claes S, Delefortrie G, Lataire E, editors, 7th MASHCON International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water with non-exclusive focus on clean power in shallow water: Conference program and proceedings. Antwerp. 2025. p. 202-212 doi: 10.48607/316

Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water

Abstract

Conference

Keywords

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7th International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water

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Computational modelling of squat and resistance optimisation in fully confined water

Abstract

Conference

Keywords

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7th International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water

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