Compound weather and climate events in 2024

Jakob Zscheischler; Colin Raymond; Yang Chen; Natacha  Le Grix; Renata Libonati; Cassandra D.W. Rogers; Christopher J. White; Piotr Wolski

doi:10.1038/s43017-025-00657-y

Compound weather and climate events in 2024

Jakob Zscheischler^*, Colin Raymond, Yang Chen, Natacha Le Grix, Renata Libonati, Cassandra D.W. Rogers, Christopher J. White, Piotr Wolski

^*Corresponding author for this work

Civil And Environmental Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Short survey › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Compound weather and climate events refer to multiple drivers and hazards that combine to cause impacts on ecosystems and society. These drivers and hazards can combine in various ways — across time (preconditioned and temporally compounding events), across space (spatially compounding events), and/or across multiple climate variables (multivariate events) — giving rise to a myriad of possible events. Owing to their complex nature, compound events can result in particularly severe impacts as multiple adverse conditions can interact and amplify. Systematic monitoring of when, where and how these events occur enhances our understanding of their dynamics and helps mitigate the risks associated with their impacts.

Here, we examine compound events that occurred in 2024 around the globe (Fig. 1). Given the vast number of individual occurrences, we focus on a selection of particularly impactful episodes across the different compound event types.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	240-242
Number of pages	3
Journal	Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
Volume	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00657-y
Publication status	Published - 11 Apr 2025

Funding

J.Z. acknowledges the Helmholtz Initiative and Networking Fund (Young Investigator Group COMPOUNDX, Grant Agreement VH-NG-1537) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101003469 (XAIDA). Y.C. acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42375041) and China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Youth Innovation Team (CMA2024QN06). C.J.W. was supported by the European Union’s Horizon Europe through the ‘Multi-hazard and risk informed system for enhanced local and regional disaster risk management (MEDiate)’ project under grant agreement No 101074075. C.J.W. wishes to thank E. Wallace and H. Roberts, both from UK Met Office, for their constructive discussions relating to the 2024 UK storm sequences. C.D.W.R. is supported by funding from the Australian Climate Service. C.D.W.R. thanks R. Warren, D. Udy and B. Hague from the Bureau of Meteorology for their feedback. R.L. acknowledges the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Cnpq - grants 311487/2021-1 and 443285/2023-2) and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ grant E-26/200.329/2023).

Keywords

atmospheric science
climate change
hydrology
compound weather
compound climate events

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10.1038/s43017-025-00657-y

Zscheischler-etal-NREE-2025-Compound-weather-and-climate-events-in-2024Accepted author manuscript, 1.21 MBLicence: CC BY 4.0

Cite this

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AU - Chen, Yang

AU - Le Grix, Natacha

AU - Libonati, Renata

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AU - White, Christopher J.

AU - Wolski, Piotr

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AB - Compound weather and climate events refer to multiple drivers and hazards that combine to cause impacts on ecosystems and society. These drivers and hazards can combine in various ways — across time (preconditioned and temporally compounding events), across space (spatially compounding events), and/or across multiple climate variables (multivariate events) — giving rise to a myriad of possible events. Owing to their complex nature, compound events can result in particularly severe impacts as multiple adverse conditions can interact and amplify. Systematic monitoring of when, where and how these events occur enhances our understanding of their dynamics and helps mitigate the risks associated with their impacts.Here, we examine compound events that occurred in 2024 around the globe (Fig. 1). Given the vast number of individual occurrences, we focus on a selection of particularly impactful episodes across the different compound event types.

KW - atmospheric science

KW - climate change

KW - hydrology

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KW - compound climate events

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DO - 10.1038/s43017-025-00657-y

M3 - Short survey

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JO - Nature Reviews Earth & Environment

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Compound weather and climate events in 2024

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

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