Abstract
This paper investigates chemical etching as a potential temporary solution to severe adhesive wear experienced during forming of commercially-pure titanium. The aim was to identify contributing factors and experimentally quantify their effects on the etching of CP-Ti and Vanadis 23 tool steel.
A comprehensive literature review identified a promising etchant solution, containing 6.5% hydrofluoric acid, 2% formic acid and 2% triethanolamine. A full factorial experiment was designed to test the effects of three factors – hydrofluoric acid concentration, temperature, and time – with statistical analysis to interpret and validate the results.
The results confirmed that increasing any of the factors tested leads to a significant increase in titanium dissolution, while only temperature and concentration increases led to a significant increase in steel dissolution. Therefore, a 20°C solution of 3.5% hydrofluoric acid and an etching duration of 35 minutes is recommended for removing adhered titanium without significantly affecting the steel.
A comprehensive literature review identified a promising etchant solution, containing 6.5% hydrofluoric acid, 2% formic acid and 2% triethanolamine. A full factorial experiment was designed to test the effects of three factors – hydrofluoric acid concentration, temperature, and time – with statistical analysis to interpret and validate the results.
The results confirmed that increasing any of the factors tested leads to a significant increase in titanium dissolution, while only temperature and concentration increases led to a significant increase in steel dissolution. Therefore, a 20°C solution of 3.5% hydrofluoric acid and an etching duration of 35 minutes is recommended for removing adhered titanium without significantly affecting the steel.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering |
Editors | James Gao, Mohammed El Souri, Simeon Keates |
Place of Publication | Amsterdam |
Publisher | IOS Press |
Pages | 15-20 |
Number of pages | 6 |
ISBN (Print) | 978-1-61499-791-7 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 5 Sep 2017 |
Event | 15th International Conference on Manufacturing Research - University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom Duration: 5 Sep 2017 → 7 Sep 2017 http://www.icmr.org.uk/ |
Conference
Conference | 15th International Conference on Manufacturing Research |
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Country/Territory | United Kingdom |
City | London |
Period | 5/09/17 → 7/09/17 |
Internet address |
Keywords
- etching
- pure titanium
- severe adhesive wear
- galling
- hydrofluoric acid
- tool maintenance