Business models for virtual power plants and their impact on economic operation

Aggregation by Virtual Power Plants to provide flexibility to distribution and transmission networks is seen as an important element in the transition to Net-zero. This paper presents work carried out in the SIES 2022 ERA-Net project, which is investigating in detail the possible provision of flexibility by different technologies but thorough a lens of different business models. Thus, presented work relies on the real use cases and associated data. The focus of this work is on the value of different business models associated with a demonstrator plant in East Kilbride Scotland. Using an adapted business model structure with three strategic dimensions, along with a risk/reward portfolio framework, an illustrative case study is used to highlight the business model choices available to a small VPP owner.