Bacteria on intertidal sand grains

The number of bacteria on the surfaces of intertidal sand grains has been estimated by shaking sand with sea-water, de-ionized water and 0.1 % teepol. Total counts, viable counts, and optical densities of the resultant washings were measured. 0.1 % teepol caused the largest number of bacteria to detach from sand grains, followed by de-ionized water, and lastly by sea-water. Total counts and optical densities were strongly correlated. There was little relation between viable counts and optical densities.

The total and viable number of bacteria on the surfaces of sand grains showed great variation, but viable counts varied more than did total. Sand particle size ranged from 0.18 to 0.52 mm diam. Total counts ranged from 25 × 103 to 259 × 103/mm2 of sand grain surface, that is from 140 × 106 to 1183 × 106/g dry sand; the respective viable counts were 0.2 to 40/mm2 and 2.6 × 103 to 241 × 103/g. No relationship was observed between bacterial numbers and particle size.

Experiments suggest that heavy wave action will remove large numbers of bacteria from the surfaces of sand grains. It is also evident that rain water and run-off from the land will wash bacteria from the surfaces of intertidal sand grains, and at the same time will reduce the flow of interstitial water.