TY - JOUR
T1 - Anatomical flow phantoms of the nonplanar carotid bifurcation, Part I: Computer-aided Design and Fabrication
AU - Watts, D.M.
AU - Sutcliffe, C.J.
AU - Morgan, R.H.
AU - Meagher, S.
AU - Poepping, T.
AU - Wardlaw, J.
AU - Connell, M.
AU - Ramnarine, K.
AU - Hoskins, P.R.
AU - Black, R.A.
PY - 2007
Y1 - 2007
N2 - Doppler ultrasound is widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of arterial disease. Current clinical measurement systems make use of continuous and pulsed ultrasound to measure blood flow velocity; however, the uncertainty associated with these measurements is great, which has serious implications for the screening of patients for treatment. Because local blood flow dynamics depend to a great extent on the geometry of the affected vessels, there is a need to develop anatomically accurate arterial flow phantoms with which to assess the accuracy of Doppler blood flow measurements made in diseased vessels. In this paper, we describe the computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques that we used to fabricate anatomical flow phantoms based on images acquired by time-of-flight magnetic resonance imaging (TOF-MRI). Three-dimensional CAD models of the carotid bifurcation were generated from data acquired from sequential MRI slice scans, from which solid master patterns were made by means of stereolithography. Thereafter, an investment casting procedure was used to fabricate identical flow phantoms for use in parallel experiments involving both laser and Doppler ultrasound measurement techniques.
AB - Doppler ultrasound is widely used in the diagnosis and monitoring of arterial disease. Current clinical measurement systems make use of continuous and pulsed ultrasound to measure blood flow velocity; however, the uncertainty associated with these measurements is great, which has serious implications for the screening of patients for treatment. Because local blood flow dynamics depend to a great extent on the geometry of the affected vessels, there is a need to develop anatomically accurate arterial flow phantoms with which to assess the accuracy of Doppler blood flow measurements made in diseased vessels. In this paper, we describe the computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques that we used to fabricate anatomical flow phantoms based on images acquired by time-of-flight magnetic resonance imaging (TOF-MRI). Three-dimensional CAD models of the carotid bifurcation were generated from data acquired from sequential MRI slice scans, from which solid master patterns were made by means of stereolithography. Thereafter, an investment casting procedure was used to fabricate identical flow phantoms for use in parallel experiments involving both laser and Doppler ultrasound measurement techniques.
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - computer modeling
KW - carotid hemodynamics
KW - stenosis
KW - shear stress
KW - bioengineering
KW - ultrasound
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.08.003
U2 - 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.08.003
DO - 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.08.003
M3 - Article
SN - 0301-5629
VL - 33
SP - 296
EP - 302
JO - Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
JF - Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
IS - 2
ER -