Analysis of Socio Economic Conditions and Migration Patterns of Migrant Settlements in Bengaluru

Rural to urban and rural to rural migration has become both a boon and a bane. It is a boon to the extent that it gives livelihood and throws open new opportunities to the migrated labourers. According to the 2011 Census more than two-thirds (69 percent) of 1.21 billion people live in rural areas of India and majority of them are dependent on rural economy (agriculture), whereas, agriculture contributes less than 18% to the GDP of the country. There is a necessity to reduce the dependency on agriculture. The excess labour in agriculture has to be absorbed into industry and service sector. 25 of the 100 fastest-growing cities worldwide are in India. Rural-to-urban migration is a significant contributor in the growth of these cities. Population migration from rural to urban areas occurs mainly due to the lack of sufficient economic opportunities in rural areas. In this way rural to urban migration is a boon.
From the total social perspective migration has become a bane. This is more due to the apathy of the government. As there is no planned migration, both sending and receiving places are going to loose. The migrated labourers end up in slums. Education for migrated labourers children, social security measures like public distribution system, health facility are concerns. The displaced labourers many times depend on middlemen to avail jobs. Often these jobs are seasonal. Exercising voting and opportunity for hearing the voice has become difficult. As a result, in a democratic system, migrated labourers face political exclusion. The worst impact of the migration is on women and children.
Other social problems like prostitution and spreading of contagious diseases and cultural shocks are other important concerns of migrated. This paper attempts to study and throw light on the gravity of the situation through survey method data collection in Bangalore, the home for highest number of migrated labourers in India