Accelerated fault detection in HVDC networks using cable joints instrumented with photonic current sensors

This article introduces an innovative optical current sensor (OCS), designed for integration into cable splice joints, forming a distributed current and temperature sensor array for advanced monitoring, diagnostics, and protection of HVDC power cables. Building on the sensor concept and prototype evaluation detailed in previous studies, this paper focuses on evaluating the sensor’s potential to enable alternative fault detection and protection strategies for HVDC networks. Exploiting the fact that light propagates through optical fibers faster than electromagnetic (EM) waves travel in HVDC cables, case studies demonstrate tangible improvements in fault detection speed compared to traditional travelling wave methods. Simulations of an HVDC network in MATLAB illustrate enhanced fault detection and clearance, and reduction in energy dissipation. Furthermore, the technique provides instantaneous fault location information along the HVDC cable without requiring additional equipment or fault-finding procedures, thereby minimizing system reconnection times.