Abstract
We describe a two-chip micro-scale time-resolved fluorescence analyzer integrating excitation, detection, and filtering. A new 8×8 array of drivers realized in standard low-voltage 0.35-μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor is bump-bonded to AlInGaN blue micro-pixellated light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs). The array is capable of producing sample excitation pulses with a width of 777 ps (FWHM), enabling short lifetime fluorophores to be investigated. The fluorescence emission is detected by a second, vertically-opposed 16 × 4 array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) fabricated in 0.35-μm high-voltage CMOS technology with in-pixel time-gated photon counting circuitry. Captured chip data are transferred to a PC for further processing, including histogramming, lifetime extraction, calibration and background/noise compensation. This constitutes the smallest reported solid-state microsystem for fluorescence decay analysis, replacing lasers, photomultiplier tubes, bulk optics, and discrete electronics. The system is demonstrated with measurements of fluorescent colloidal quantum dot and Rhodamine samples.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 437-444 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Dec 2010 |
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Keywords
- single-photon avalanche diodes
- biophotonics
- GaN micro light emitting diodes
- biosensors
- complementary metal oxide semiconductor
- CMOS
- integrated circuits
- fluorescence
- fluorescence lifetime
Cite this
Rae, B. R., Yang, J., Mckendry, J., Gong, Z., Renshaw, D., Girkin, J. M., ... Henderson, R. K. (2010). A vertically integrated CMOS microsystem for time-resolved fluorescence analysis. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 4(6), 437-444. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2010.2077290