A multifidelity framework for aerothermodynamic modeling and simulation of destructive atmospheric entry

The aerothermodynamic environment surrounding bodies undergoing destructive atmospheric entry is characterized by multiple interacting shock waves generated by the presence of several fragments moving close to one another at high speed. Shock interaction and impingement produce highly localized surface loads, influencing the overall dynamics of the fragment, its temperature, and in turn its demise. To account for the relevant physics during the reentry process of fragmenting bodies, a multifidelity framework is presented that allows for selecting the most appropriate level of fidelity, between high-fidelity solutions or low-fidelity aerothermodynamic metamodels. A physics-informed approach is implemented to automatically choose between the two fidelity levels on the basis of the intersection of shock wave envelopes. The complete framework is validated on relevant test cases from the literature and its performance is demonstrated for destructive atmospheric reentry cases, such as the case of the Attitude Vernier Upper Module and the Automated Transfer Vehicle from the European Space Agency.